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Table 2 Risk of bias assessments among 24 relationships from 13 included articles [30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42]

From: Social determinants of prostate cancer in the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Article (n = 13)

Relationship (n = 24)

Bias domain

Endpoint

Social determinant

Confounding

Participant selection

Missing data

Measurement of outcomes

Selective reporting

Overall

Bray, 2016 [42]

Outcome

Residence

Moderate

Unclear

Unclear

Low

Low

Unclear

Fernández, 2005 [30, 31]a

Frequency

Education

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Frequency

Ethnicity

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Frequency

Marital Status

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Frequency

Occupation

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Serious

Moderate

Fernández, 2005 [30, 31]a

Frequency

Education

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Frequency

Ethnicity

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Frequency

Marital Status

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Jackson, 2012 [35]b

Frequency

Education

Moderate

Low

Unclear

Low

Low

Moderate

Jackson, 2013 [32]b

Frequency

Education

Moderate

Low

Serious

Low

Low

Moderate

Jackson, 2015 [39]b

Frequency

Education

Moderate

Low

Serious

Low

Low

Moderate

McDonald, 2011 [36]d

Frequency

Education

Low

Low

Low

Low

Low

Low

Frequency

Marital Status

Low

Low

Low

Low

Low

Low

Multigner, 2010 [37]

Frequency

Education

Serious

Serious

Low

Low

Low

Serious

Nemesure, 2013 [33]d

Frequency

Education

Moderate

Low

Serious

Low

Low

Moderate

Frequency

Marital Status

Moderate

Low

Serious

Low

Low

Moderate

Frequency

Occupation

Moderate

Low

Serious

Low

Low

Moderate

Santana, 2011 [40]

Outcome

Residence

Serious

Low

Unclear

Low

Low

Serious

Smit, 2007 [41]d

Outcome

Education

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Outcome

Residence

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Soto-Salgado, 2012 [34]c

Frequency

SEP

Moderate

Low

Unclear

Low

Low

Moderate

Outcome

SEP

Moderate

Low

Unclear

Low

Low

Moderate

Torres-Cintrón, 2012 [38]c

Frequency

SEP

Moderate

Low

Unclear

Low

Low

Moderate

Outcome

SEP

Moderate

Low

Unclear

Low

Low

Moderate

  1. aThese articles used data from the same Cuban study
  2. bThese articles used data from the same Jamaican study
  3. cThese articles used data from the same Puerto Rican study
  4. dThese articles are each components of larger studies: (Nemesure [33] - Prostate Cancer in a Black Population) [62], (Smit [41] - Puerto Rico Heart Health Program) [63], (McDonald [36] - Tobago Prostate Study) [64]