Germany | Netherlands | Iceland | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR 95% CI | Adjusted OR | P | OR 95% CI | Adjusted OR | P | OR 95% CI | Adjusted OR | P | |
Gender | |||||||||
Females | 1b | 1b | 1b | 1b | 1b | 1b | |||
Males | 0.96 (0.76–1.21) | 1.03a (0.80–1.33) | 0.82 | 0.53 (0.39–0.73) | 0.50 (0.30–0.83) | 0.008 | 0.63 (0.51–0.79) | 0.75 (0.5–1.12) | 0.16 |
Age (years) | |||||||||
14–15.9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
16–17.9 | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) | 1.04 (0.81–1.34) | 0.74 | 0.91 (0.68–1.21) | 0.85 (0.54–1.33) | 0.47 | 1.12 (0.79–1.59) | 0.99 (0.58–1.66) | 0.96 |
Parental educational level | |||||||||
Low/middle | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
High | 0.97 (0.78–1.21) | 0.95 (0.72–1.25) | 0.70 | 0.93 (0.58–1.48) | 1.21 (0.69–2.13) | 0.51 | 0.96 (0.63–1.46) | 1.59 (1.00–2.51) | 0.048 |
Parental family status | |||||||||
Married/ living together | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Other | 1.32 (1.06–1.65) | 1.26 (0.96–1.66) | 0.10 | 1.43 (0.95–2.18) | 1 (0.61–1.64) | 0.99 | 1.54 (1.09–2.16) | 1.25 (0.86–1.83) | 0.25 |
Age at first Internet use | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 0.32 | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) | 0.93 (0.83–1.05) | 0.25 | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.61 |
Daily use of SNS | |||||||||
None/< 2 h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
≥ 2 h | 1.70 (1.38–2.08) | 1.66 (1.18–2.34) | 0.004 | 1.63 (1.19–2.24) | 1.15 (0.68–1.95) | 0.61 | 2.38 (1.77–3.21) | 1.37 (0.89–2.13) | 0.16 |
Daily Internet use | |||||||||
None/< 2 h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
≥ 2 h | 1.46 (1.16–1.83) | 0.91 (0.64–1.29) | 0.60 | 1.62 (1.14–2.30) | 1.23 (0.71–2.12) | 0.46 | 2.18 (1.56–3.06) | 1.46 (0.91–2.34) | 0.11 |
Parents allow me to visit every site | |||||||||
Never/ seldom | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Sometimes | 0.60 (0.38–0.95) | 0.52 (0.26–1.04) | 0.06 | 1.22 (0.46–3.25) | 0.79 (0.20–3.10) | 0.73 | 1.18 (0.68–2.04) | 1.25 (0.61–2.56) | 0.55 |
Often/ yery often/parents don’t know | 0.72 (0.49–1.06) | 0.61 (0.36–1.04) | 0.07 | 1.15 (0.59–2.24) | 1.05 (0.38–2.84) | 0.93 | 1.09 (0.74–1.61) | 0.76 (0.42–1.37) | 0.36 |
Parents limit time on Internet | |||||||||
Never/ seldom | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Sometimes | 1.03 (0.78–1.37) | 1.21 (0.88–1.66) | 0.24 | 1.06 (0.70–1.59) | 0.80 (0.42–1.5) | 0.48 | 1.06 (0.72–1.57) | 1.28 (0.86–1.92) | 0.23 |
Often/ Very often | 1.39 (1.06–1.82) | 1.37 (0.96–1.96) | 0.08 | 1.88 (1.14–3.09) | 1.66 (0.86–3.21) | 0.13 | 1.15 (0.77–1.70) | 1.13 (0.69–1.85) | 0.64 |
Internalizing Problems | -c | -c | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 0.004 | 1.08 (1.07–1.10) | 1.05 (1.02–1.07) | < 0.001 | |
Externalizing Problems | -c | -c | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | 1.03 (1–1.06) | 0.028 | 1.10 (1.08–1.12) | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) | < 0.001 |