Chronic sleep deprivation and gender-specific risk of depression in adolescents: a prospective population-based study

Table 2 Gender-specific adjusted mean depression scores associated with cumulative sleep deprivation in the BASUS cohort

History of sleep deprivation	Model A		Model B		Model C		Model D		Model E
History of sleep deprivation	Mean	CI95	Mean	CI95	Mean	CI95	Mean	CI95	Mean	CI95
Young women
None	16.59†	15.72–17.45	16.37†	15.51–17.23	16.38†	15.51–17.24	16.37†	15.48–17.26	16.33†	15.42–17.24
Occasional	20.62**†	19.03–22.22	19.05*†	17.48–20.61	19.06*†	17.50–20.61	19.07*†	17.59–20.56	19.02*†	17.57–20.47
Chronic	21.50**†	19.55–23.45	19.45*†	17.66–21.25	19.46*†	17.68–21.25	19.54*†	17.72–21.36	19.48*†	17.59–21.38
Young men
None	13.26†	11.91–14.61	14.36†	13.00–15.73	14.36†	12.98–15.73	14.33†	12.97–15.69	14.38†	13.05–15.72
Occasional	15.25†	12.63–17.87	15.37†	13.39–17.34	15.36†	13.38–17.35	15.38†	13.37–17.38	15.40†	13.39–17.41
Chronic	15.20†	12.55–17.85	15.23†	12.70–17.76	15.22†	12.70–17.75	15.26†	12.70–17.82	15.32†	12.86–17.78

Gender-specific means (CI95) obtained by multivariable linear regression analysis of imputed sample (N = 3071) using an interaction term between sex and sleep deprivation (Model A), sequentially adjusted for baseline CESD scores (Model B), baseline BMI (Model C), ethnicity (Model D) and family income (Model E). * p < 0.01; ** p < 0.001; † p-interaction< 0.01