| |
Female (N = 302,632)
|
P
|
Male (N = 210,259)
|
P
|
|---|
|
Have daytime nap **
|
1.15 (1.01–1.31)
|
0.0495
|
1.42 (1.18–1.71)
|
0.0002
|
|
Have daytime dysfunction
|
2.79 (2.46–3.17)
|
< 0.0001
|
2.99 (2.40–3.73)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Have difficulty falling asleep and interrupted sleep
|
3.05 (2.75–3.39)
|
< 0.0001
|
3.69 (3.14–4.33)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Snore during sleep
|
1.34 (1.19–1.50)
|
< 0.0001
|
1.17 (0.99–1.39)
|
0.0586
|
|
Take medicine to sleep
|
1.84 (1.57–2.14)
|
< 0.0001
|
2.00 (1.51–2.63)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Sleep duration
|
|
≤ 6 h
|
1.64 (1.48–1.82)
|
< 0.0001
|
1.70 (1.46–1.98)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
≥ .0001.4
|
1.72 (1.43–2.05)
|
< 0.0001
|
1.65 (1.28–2.12)
|
0.0001
|
|
Smoking
|
|
Occasional smoke
|
1.25 (1.00–1.55)
|
0.0502
|
1.03 (0.82–1.30)
|
0.7901
|
|
Frequent smoke
|
1.39 (1.13–1.73)
|
0.0024
|
1.10 (0.89–1.35)
|
0.3906
|
|
Alcohol
|
|
Occasional drink
|
1.04 (0.94–1.15)
|
0.4709
|
1.06 (0.89–1.27)
|
0.4913
|
|
Frequent drink
|
1.03 (0.82–1.29)
|
0.7979
|
0.88 (0.73–1.07)
|
0.2019
|
- *Odds ratio was adjusted for residency, age, family mental disorder history, blood pressure, education, income, occupation, BMI, marital status, smoking, alcohol, MET statuses, sleep snoring, taking medicine for sleep, daytime dysfunction, difficulty falling asleep and interrupted sleep, total sleep duration, and disease statuses
- **“Have no daytime nap”, “have no daytime dysfunction”, “don’t have difficulty falling asleep and interrupted sleep”, “don’t snore during sleep”, “don’t need to take medicine to sleep”, “have sleep duration of 7–9 h per day”, “never smoke”, and “never drink alcohol” groups were chosen to be the reference groups
