S.No. | Citations | Place | Year | Study design | N | Positive for coinfection | Coinfection (%) | Age | Diagnostic test DN/CK | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Asia | ||||||||||
1. | Afreen [72] | Delhi, India | 2014 | Cross sectional | 87 | 9 | 10 | All ages | NS1, IgM, IgG ELISA, PCR/ IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV2 + CHIKV-5, DENV3 + CHIKV -2, DENV1 + CHIKV-1, DENV1 + DENV2+ CHIKV-1 |
2. | Carey [73] | Vellore, India | 1964 | Cross sectional | 477 | 8 | 2 | All ages | Virus isolation Serological Complement fixation and Hemagglutination inhibition assay for both infection | NM |
3. | Chahar [74] | Delhi, India | 2006 | Cross sectional | 69 | 6 | 9 | All ages | PCR/PCR | DENV1, DENV3, DENV4 |
4. | Galate [75] | Mumbai, Maharashtra | April 2012-Oct. 2013 | Cross sectional | 200 | 19 | 10 | 13–60 | IgM ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
5. | Hapuarachchi [76] | Sri Lanka | 2006 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 70 | PCR/PCR | NM |
6. | Kalawat [77] | Tirupati, India | 2011 | Retrospective analysis | 72 | 2 | 3 | All ages | IgM ELISA / IgM ELISA | NM |
7. | Kaur [78] | Delhi, India | Aug-Dec. 2016 | Cross sectional | 600 | 152 | 25 | 11–68 | IgM ELISA, NS1 ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR | NM |
8. | Londhey [79] | Mumbai, India | June 2010–April 2015 | Prospective observational study | 300 | 30 | 10 | All ages | IgM ELISA, PCR/ IgM ELISA, PCR | NM |
9. | Mørch [34] | Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Anantpur, Tamilnadu India | April 2011–November 2012 | Cross sectional | 1564 | 25 | 1.6 | 34 mean age | IgM, NS1 ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
10. | Mukherjee [80] | Kolkata, India | July 2014-Oct. 2015 | Cross sectional | 326 | 53 | 16 | All ages | IgM and NS1 ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV2, DENV4 |
11. | Neeraja [81] | Hyderabad, Telangana | 2007 | Cross sectional | 713 | 8 | 1 | NM | IgG, IgM, PCR/PCR | NM |
12. | Paulo [82] | Potugal, Infected in India | 2016 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 65 | PCR/IgM ELISA | DENV3 |
13. | Rahim [83] | Dhaka, Bangladesh | 2017 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 23 female | NS1 ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
14. | Saswat [84] | Khurda, Odisha Aurangabad, Maharashtra India | July-Dec. 2013 | Cross sectional | 222 | 43 | 19 | All ages | NS1, IgM, IgG ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV2 |
15. | Shaikh [85] | Karnataka, India | July 2010–June 2013 | Cross sectional | 6554 | 532 | 8 | NM | IgM ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
16. | Schilling [86] | Chennai, India | September 2008 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 25 | NS1, IgM ELISA and IFA/IgM IFA | NM |
17. | Taraphdar [87] | West Bengal, India | 2010 | Cross sectional | 550 | 68 | 12 | All ages | IgM ELISA, PCR / IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV2, DENV3 |
18. | Kularatne [88] | Peradeniya, Srilanka | Dec. 2006-March 2007 | Cross sectional | 54 | 3 | 5 | 15–74 | IgM ELISA, Hemagglutination inhibition/ IgM ELISA, Hemagglutination inhibition | NM |
Africa | ||||||||||
19. | Baba [47] | Nigeria | July-Dec. 2008 | Cross sectional | 310 | 63 | 20 | All ages | PRNT/PRNT | NM |
20. | Caron [89] | Gabon | Sep 2007-Aug 2010 | Cross sectional | 4287 | 37 | 1 | All ages | PCR of partial E gene/ PCR of partial E1 gene | DENV2 |
21. | Dariano [50] | Bo, Sierra Leone | 2012–2013 | Cross sectional | 1260 | 13 | 1 | All ages | IgM, IgG, NS1 ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
22. | Leroy [90] | Gabon | March–July 2007 | Cross sectional | 773 | 8 | 1 | NM | PCR/ PCR | DENV2 |
23. | Nkoghe [91] | Franceville, Gabon | Feb-July 2010 | Cross sectional | 433 | 20 | 4.6 | 1–77 | PCR/PCR | NM |
24. | Parreira [92] | Portugal, infected in Luanda, Angola | January 2014 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | Early 50s | NS1 IgM, IgG ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV4 |
25. | Ratsitorahina [93] | Tomasina, Madagascar | Jan-March 2006 | Cross sectional | 55 | 10 | 18 | NM | IgM ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR | DENV1 |
Caribbean | ||||||||||
26. | Edwards [94] | Guatemala | June 2015 | Surveillance report | 144 | 46 | 32 | All ages | PCR/ PCR | DENV1–4, DENV2–40, DENV4–2 |
27. | Omarjee [95] | Island of Saint Martin | Dec. 2013- Jan 2014 | Cross sectional | 1502 | 16 | 1 | All ages | IgM, IgG ELISA and PCR / IgM, IgG ELISA and PCR | DENV1–10, DENV2–2, DENV4–4 |
Southeast Asia | ||||||||||
28. | Cha [96] | Osong korea Infected (2 in Philllipine, 1 Vietnam, 1 Indonesia, 1 East Timor) | 2009–2010 | Cross sectional | 486 | 5 | 1 | 11–70 | IgM ELISA, PCR/ IgM ELISA, PCR | NM |
29. | Chang [97] | Taipei China, infected in Singapore | 2009 April | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 12 | IgM and IgG ELISA, PCR/ IgM and IgG ELISA, PCR | DENV2 |
30. | Khai Ming [98] | Rangoon, Burma | July 1970-Dec. 1972 | Cross sectional | 2060 | 55 | 2.6 | 0–11 | HI, CF/HI, CF | NM |
31. | Laoprasopwattana [99] | Southern Thailand | April–July 2009 | Prospective Cohort study | 50 | 1 | 2 | ≤15 | IgM ELISA and Hemagglutination inhibition/IgM IFA, PCR | NM |
32. | Nayar [100] | Kinta, Malaysia | 2006 | Case report | 2 | 2 | NA | 22 and 28 | NS1, IgM ELISA, PCR/PCR | DENV1 |
33. | Ooi [101] | Selangor, Malaysia, | 2009 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | NM | NM/Complete Genome sequencing of CHIKV | DENV2 |
34. | Phommanivong [102] | Champasak Laos | July-Aug 2013 | Cross sectional | 40 | 5 | 12.5 | 5–65 | PCR/PCR | DENV2–3, DENV3–2 |
35. | Tun [103] | Mandalay, Myanmar | July–October 2010 | Cross sectional | 116 | 7 | 6 | ≤12 | IgM ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA, PCR | NM |
North America | ||||||||||
36. | Kariyawasam [104] | Toronto, Canada | May 2006-April 2007 and Feb 2013-March 2014 | Retrospective analysis | 1304 | 1 | 0.07 | 0–91 | PCR/PCR | DENV-1 |
37. | Lindholm [105] | Maryland, USA | Dec 2013-May 2015 | Cross sectional | 267 | 2 | 0.7 | 25–60 | IgM, IgG ELISA, PCR, PRNT/ IgM, IgG ELISA, PCR, PRNT | NM |
South America | ||||||||||
38. | Bocanegra [106] | Barcelona Spain Infected in south America | April 2014–2015 | Retrospective | 42 | 5 | 12 | 34.6 mean age | IgM ELISA/IgM ELISA, PCR | NM |
39. | Brooks [107] | Santos, Brazil | 2017 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 27 | IgM ELISA/IgM ELISA | NM |
40. | Calvo [108] | Girardot, Colombia | Feb 2015 | Cross sectional | 8 | 4 | 50 | 0–10 | IgM ELISA, PCR/PCR | NM |
41. | Carrillo-Hernández [109] | Norte de Santander, Colombia | August 2015 – April 2016 | Cross sectional | 157 | 12 | 7.6 | 26.81 | PCR/PCR | NM |
42. | Farrell [110] | Machala, Ecuador | 2015 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 35 | IgM, IgG ELISA/PCR | NM |
43. | Gomez-Govea [111] | Nuevo leon, Mexico | Jan-Oct 2015 | Cross sectional | 101 | 5 | 5 | 31 median age | IgM ELISA/IgM ELISA, PCR | NM |
44. | Mercado [112] | Bogota, Colombia | Sept 2014-Oct 2015 | Retrospective analysis | 58 | 7 | 12 | NM | IgM ELISA, PCR/PCR | NM |
45. | Rosso [113] | Cali, Colombia | 2015 | Case report | 1 | 1 | NA | 72 | PCR/ PCR | DENV3 |
Middle East | ||||||||||
46. | Malik [114] | Al-Hudaydah, Yemen | Oct 2010-March 2011 | Cross sectional | 136 | 1 | 0.7 | NM | IgM ELISA, PCR/IgM ELISA | NM |
47. | Rezza [115] | Al-Hudaydah Yemen | 2012 | Cross sectional | 400 | 14 | 3.5 | All ages | IgM, IgG ELISA and PCR/ IgM, IgG ELISA and PCR | DENV2 Predominantly |