Table 1 Baseline characteristics and employment status based on levels of perceived stress (N = 9335)
From: Perceived stress as a risk factor of unemployment: a register-based cohort study
Variables | 1 – Low stress (n = 1565)a | 2 (n = 1753)a | 3 (n = 2088)a | 4 (n = 1783)a | 5 - High stress (n = 2146)a | Total (n = 9335) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | |||||||
Gender | |||||||
Women | 661 (42.2) | 803 (45.8) | 1027 (49.2) | 884 (49.6) | 1192 (55.5) | 4567 (48.9) | < 0.01 |
Age (years) | |||||||
18–25 | 87 (5.6) | 101 (5.8) | 133 (6.4) | 127 (7.1) | 189 (8.8) | 637 (6.8) | |
26–54 | 1036 (66.2) | 1222 (69.7) | 1466 (70.2) | 1288 (72.2) | 1529 (71.2) | 6541 (70.1) | |
55–64 | 442 (28.2) | 430 (24.5) | 489 (23.4) | 368 (20.6) | 428 (19.9) | 2157 (23.1) | < 0.01 |
Education levelb | |||||||
Basic | 359 (22.9) | 397 (22.6) | 444 (21.3) | 424 (23.8) | 637 (29.7) | 2261 (24.2) | |
Vocational | 673 (43.0) | 744 (42.4) | 971 (46.5) | 828 (46.4) | 961 (44.8) | 4177 (44.7) | |
Higher | 533 (34.1) | 612 (34.9) | 673 (32.2) | 531 (29.8) | 548 (25.5) | 2897 (31.0) | < 0.01 |
Household incomec | |||||||
1: < 44,763 | 324 (20.7) | 397 (22.6) | 498 (23.9) | 453 (25.4) | 661 (30.8) | 2333 (25.0) | |
2: 44,763–55,978 | 345 (22.0) | 428 (24.4) | 529 (25.3) | 475 (26.6) | 558 (26.0) | 2335 (25.0) | |
3: 55,979–67,524 | 385 (24.6) | 429 (24.5) | 538 (25.8) | 450 (25.2) | 532 (24.8) | 2334 (25.0) | |
4: > 67,524 | 511 (32.7) | 499 (28.5) | 523 (25.0) | 405 (22.7) | 395 (18.4) | 2333 (25.0) | < 0.01 |
Smoking | |||||||
Non smoker | 865 (55.6) | 908 (52.2) | 1095 (52.8) | 896 (50.6) | 1019 (47.8) | 4783 (51.6) | |
Former smoker | 423 (27.2) | 448 (25.7) | 554 (26.7) | 479 (27.1) | 557 (26.1) | 2461 (26.5) | |
Current smoker | 269 (17.3) | 385 (22.1) | 424 (20.5) | 395 (22.3) | 556 (26.1) | 2029 (21.9) | < 0.01 |
missing | 8 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 62 | |
Body Mass Index | |||||||
Underweight | 18 (1.2) | 21 (1.2) | 17 (0.8) | 21 (1.2) | 34 (1.6) | 111 (1.2) | |
Normal weight | 699 (45.4) | 795 (46.0) | 944 (45.7) | 799 (45.3) | 962 (45.7) | 4199 (45.6) | |
Overweight | 605 (39.3) | 668 (38.7) | 815 (39.4) | 677 (38.4) | 742 (35.2) | 3507 (38.1) | |
Obesity | 219 (14.2) | 244 (14.1) | 290 (14.0) | 266 (15.1) | 369 (17.5) | 1388 (15.1) | 0.024 |
missing | 24 | 25 | 22 | 20 | 39 | 130 | |
Alcohol consumption | |||||||
Low | 1331 (95.1) | 1461 (93.2) | 1730 (94.2) | 1473 (92.9) | 1715 (92.4) | 7710 (93.5) | |
High | 69 (4.9) | 107 (6.8) | 107 (5.8) | 113 (7.1) | 141 (7.6) | 537 (6.5) | 0.017 |
missing | 165 | 185 | 251 | 197 | 290 | 1088 | |
Self-rated health | |||||||
Good | 1538 (98.7) | 1715 (98.3) | 2039 (97.9) | 1692 (95.4) | 1882 (88.4) | 8866 (95.5) | |
Poor | 21 (1.3) | 29 (1.7) | 44 (2.1) | 81 (4.6) | 247 (11.6) | 422 (4.5) | < 0.01 |
missing | 6 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 17 | 47 | |
Outcome: | |||||||
Employment statusd | |||||||
Employed | 1369 (87.5) | 1537 (87.7) | 1834 (87.8) | 1553 (87.1) | 1817 (84.7) | 8110 (86.9) | |
Censorede | 112 (7.2) | 100 (5.7) | 115 (5.5) | 85 (4.8) | 105 (4.9) | 517 (5.5) | |
Unemployed | 84 (5.4) | 116 (6.6) | 139 (6.7) | 145 (8.1) | 224 (10.4) | 708 (7.6) | < 0.01 |
- No sickness absence | 78 (92.9) | 100 (86.2) | 120 (86.3) | 130 (89.7) | 189 (84.4) | 617 (87.1) | |
- Sickness absence | 6 (7.1) | 16 (13.8) | 19 (13.7) | 15 (10.3) | 35 (15.6) | 91 (12.9) | 0.290 |