Health behaviors | Tribe | χ2 | p-value | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Akha | Lahu | Hmong | Yao | Karen | Lisu | ||||||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Smoking | ||||||||||||||||
 No | 486 | 61.3 | 94 | 19.3 | 70 | 14.4 | 106 | 21.8 | 72 | 14.8 | 48 | 9.9 | 96 | 19.8 | 79.02 | < 0.001* |
 Ever in the past | 151 | 19.0 | 12 | 7.9 | 33 | 21.9 | 11 | 7.3 | 29 | 19.2 | 50 | 33.1 | 16 | 10.6 |  |  |
 Yes | 156 | 19.7 | 24 | 15.4 | 30 | 19.2 | 23 | 14.7 | 29 | 18.6 | 32 | 20.5 | 18 | 11.5 |  |  |
Alcohol use | ||||||||||||||||
 No | 538 | 67.8 | 99 | 18.4 | 92 | 17.1 | 109 | 20.3 | 88 | 16.4 | 77 | 14.3 | 73 | 13.6 | 43.93 | < 0.001* |
 Ever | 139 | 17.5 | 13 | 9.4 | 29 | 20.9 | 14 | 10.1 | 17 | 12.2 | 25 | 18.0 | 41 | 29.5 |  |  |
 Yes | 116 | 14.6 | 18 | 15.5 | 12 | 10.3 | 17 | 14.7 | 25 | 21.6 | 28 | 24.1 | 16 | 13.8 |  |  |
Methamphetamine use | ||||||||||||||||
 No | 776 | 97.9 | 124 | 16.0 | 132 | 17.0 | 137 | 17.7 | 126 | 16.4 | 128 | 16.5 | 129 | 16.6 | 12.15 | 0.275 |
 Ever in the past | 2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 50.0 | 1 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |  |  |
 Yes | 15 | 1.9 | 6 | 40.0 | 1 | 6.7 | 3 | 20.0 | 3 | 20.0 | 1 | 6.7 | 1 | 6.7 |  |  |
Opium use | ||||||||||||||||
 No | 723 | 91.2 | 112 | 15.5 | 125 | 17.3 | 124 | 17.2 | 115 | 15.9 | 123 | 17.0 | 124 | 17.2 | 15.77 | 0.106 |
 Ever in the past | 54 | 6.8 | 12 | 22.2 | 6 | 11.1 | 12 | 22.2 | 12 | 22.2 | 7 | 13.0 | 5 | 9.3 |  |  |
 Yes | 16 | 2.0 | 6 | 37.5 | 2 | 12.5 | 4 | 25.0 | 3 | 18.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 6.3 |  |  |
Eating uncooked food | ||||||||||||||||
 No | 385 | 48.5 | 79 | 20.5 | 74 | 19.2 | 68 | 17.7 | 69 | 17.9 | 43 | 11.2 | 52 | 13.5 | 29.65 | < 0.001* |
 Ever in the past | 52 | 6.6 | 5 | 9.6 | 6 | 11.5 | 9 | 17.3 | 8 | 15.4 | 11 | 21.2 | 13 | 25.0 |  |  |
 Yes | 356 | 44.9 | 46 | 12.9 | 53 | 14.9 | 63 | 17.7 | 53 | 14.9 | 76 | 21.3 | 65 | 18.3 |  |  |
Chewing | ||||||||||||||||
 No | 604 | 76.2 | 70 | 11.6 | 108 | 17.9 | 135 | 22.4 | 128 | 21.2 | 100 | 16.6 | 63 | 10.4 | 159.80 | < 0.001* |
 Yes | 189 | 23.8 | 60 | 31.7 | 25 | 13.2 | 5 | 2.6 | 2 | 1.1 | 30 | 15.9 | 67 | 35.4 |  |  |
Regular exercise | ||||||||||||||||
 No | 80 | 10.1 | 22 | 27.5 | 7 | 8.8 | 15 | 18.8 | 7 | 8.8 | 22 | 27.5 | 7 | 8.8 | 37.50 | < 0.001* |
 Yes | 433 | 54.6 | 68 | 15.7 | 88 | 20.3 | 75 | 17.3 | 66 | 15.2 | 54 | 12.5 | 82 | 18.9 |  |  |
 Highly active physical work | 280 | 35.3 | 40 | 14.3 | 38 | 13.6 | 50 | 17.9 | 57 | 20.4 | 54 | 19.3 | 41 | 14.6 |  |  |