Demographics
|
Age; orphan status (single vs. double); socioeconomic status; family composition/structure; caregiver educational level
|
Socio-demographic questionnaire
|
n/a
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Moderators
|
Rural/urban/semi-urban; exposure to outside HIV/STI-related programs; economic/household income; asset accumulation
| |
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Primary Outcomes
|
HIV/Sexual risk taking behavior
|
Time-line Follow Back (TFLB) [49]
|
n/a
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Mental Health Functioning
|
Beck Hopelessness Scale [50]
|
0.79
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Adapted Tennessee Self-Concept Scale [51]
|
0.81
|
Adapted Child Depression Inventory [52]
|
0.65
|
Secondary Exploratory Outcomes & Potential Mechanisms of Change
|
STI
|
Biomedical data: Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Trichomonas,
|
n/a
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
HIV, Viral loada, CD4 counta, Pregnancy Incidence
|
Biomedical data: HIV, Viral loada, CD4 counta, Pregnancy test
|
n/a
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Self-efficacy
|
Adapted Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSC-2) [51]
|
0.81
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Education plans/aspirations
|
Adapted Monitoring the Future Survey [53]
|
n/a
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Motivation to participate
|
Questions tested in previous studies [20, 23,24,25]
|
n/a
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Family Support
|
Social Support Behaviors Scale (SS-B) [54]
|
0.77
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Family Cohesions Scale [55], Krauss Interview [56] Parent Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI) [57]
|
0.69
|
0.91
|
Family Stability
|
Socio-demographic questionnaire
|
n/a
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Self-esteem
|
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale [58]
|
0.77–0.88
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Attitudes towards gender roles; Decision-making; Communication
|
Gender Norm Attitudes Scale [59]
|
0.67–0.70
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
HIV/STI knowledge
|
HIV/STI knowledge
|
0.80
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Condom Negotiation Self-Efficacy
|
Condom negotiation self-efficacy scale [60]
|
0.80
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Sexual Communication Skills
|
Sexual Communication Scale [59]
|
0.80
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Social Support
|
MSPSS [61]
|
0.84
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Savings Deposits
|
Bank statements
|
n/a
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Financial Literacy
|
Financial Literacy knowledge [62]
|
0.80
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Access to services
|
RBA Services [63]
|
.66–.83
|
B, 12, 24, 36
|
Cost of staff time, supplies, overhead for YDA and for MFG
|
Project records; Admin. review
|
n/a
|
ongoing
|