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Table 3 Distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors by socio-economic characteristics

From: Prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in rural Nepalese population aged 40–80 years

Characteristics

Current Smoking

Harmful use of alcohol

Fruit/Vegetable< 5 servings

Physical inactivity

Overweight and obesity

Hypertension

Diabetes mellitus

TC (> 200 mg/dl)

TG(> 150 mg/dl)

HDL (M < 40, F < 50 mg/dl)

LDL(> 130 mg/dl)

Dyslipidemia

Level of education

 No formal education

25.9

6.5

73.0

10.8

54.6

41.6

15.1

15.7

23.8

37.8

10.8

56.8

 Primary

25.7

21.4

75.7

8.6

67.1

50

8.6

12.9

21.4

18.6

7.1

47.1

  ≥ Secondary

18.9

11.1

66.7

10

63.3

40

24.4

23.3

38.9

22.2

12.2

61.1

 P value

0.41

0.003

0.401

0.868

0.129

0.392

0.02

0.16

0.01

0.002

0.56

0.19

Caste/ ethnicity

 Upper cast

21.8

8.3

72.2

11.3

48.9

39.8

13.5

21.8

28.6

27.1

12

59.4

 Dalit

42.9

28.6

76.2

9.5

66.7

52.4

19.0

0.0

14.3

19.0

4.8

33.3

 Janajati

23.6

10.5

71.2

9.4

66.0

44.0

17.8

15.7

27.7

33.0

9.9

56.0

 P value

0.108

0.02

0.886

0.858

0.007

0.505

0.55

0.03

0.38

0.27

0.56

0.08

Occupation

 Employ

22.5

12.5

67.5

7.5

52.5

30.0

22.5

22.5

42.5

17.5

10.0

65.0

 Self employed

16.7

12.8

75.6

14.1

65.4

48.7

7.7

19.2

29.5

29.5

11.5

53.8

 Unemployed

26.0

8.0

72.5

10.5

57.0

41.0

17.0

14.5

23.0

35.5

9.5

55.5

 Retired

33.3

22.2

63.0

0.0

70.4

59.3

25.9

22.2

29.6

7.4

14.8

51.9

 P value

0.254

0.124

0.567

0.193

0.287

0.071

0.06

0.47

0.07

0.006

0.83

0.64

Economic status

 Above poverty line

10.0

30.0

70.0

10.0

50.0

50.0

30.0

20.0

20.0

20.0

10.0

40.0

 Poor

24.5

10.1

71.9

10.1

59.7

42.7

31.3

17

27.5

30.1

10.4

56.4

 P value

0.291

0.046

0.893

0.988

0.538

0.645

0.58

0.8

0.6

0.49

0.96

0.3

  1. TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglyceride, HDL High-density Lipoprotein, LDL Low-density Lipoprotein