Table 1 Full sample characteristics among children aged 0–59 months and by children’s birth certificate ownership
Total (n = 157,336) | Child does not have birth certificate (n = 54,605) | Child has birth certificate (n = 102,731) | |
|---|---|---|---|
% (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |
Covariates | |||
Female child | 49.1 (48.9–49.4) | 49.6 (49.2–50.0) | 48.8 (48.5–49.1) |
Age of child, mean (SD), range 0–59 months | 28.0 (16.7) | 25.3 (16.4) | 29.4 (16.6) |
Maternal education | |||
None | 28.5 (27.9–29.1) | 41.4 (40.4–42.4) | 21.6 (21.1–22.2) |
Primary | 33.1 (32.7–33.6) | 36.7 (35.9–37.4) | 31.2 (30.7–31.8) |
Secondary or higher | 38.4 (37.8–39.0) | 21.9 (21.2–22.6) | 47.1 (46.5–47.8) |
Paternal education | |||
None | 18.4 (17.9–18.9) | 28.3 (27.3–29.2) | 13.2 (12.7–13.6) |
Primary | 30.7 (30.3–31.2) | 35.4 (34.6–36.1) | 28.3 (27.8–28.8) |
Secondary or higher | 50.8 (50.3–51.4) | 36.4 (35.5–37.2) | 58.5 (58.0–59.1) |
Martial status | |||
Currently married/in union | 99.8 (99.7–99.8) | 99.7 (99.7–99.8) | 99.8 (99.8–99.8) |
Formerly married/in union | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) |
Never married/in union | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) |
Maternal age | |||
15–19 | 4.1 (4.0–4.2) | 6.0 (5.7–6.2) | 3.1 (3.0–3.2) |
20–24 | 19.6 (19.3–19.9) | 23.0 (22.5–23.4) | 17.8 (17.5–18.2) |
25–29 | 28.2 (27.9–28.5) | 27.4 (27.0–27.9) | 28.6 (28.2–28.9) |
30–34 | 23.2 (22.9–23.5) | 20.5 (20.1–20.9) | 24.7 (24.3–25.0) |
35–39 | 15.8 (15.6–16.1) | 14.2 (13.8–14.6) | 16.7 (16.4–17.0) |
40–44 | 7.1 (7.0–7.3) | 6.6 (6.4–6.9) | 7.4 (7.2–7.6) |
45–49 | 2.0 (1.9–2.0) | 2.3 (2.2–2.5) | 1.8 (1.7–1.9) |
Wealth quintile | |||
Poorest | 18.7 (18.2–19.2) | 22.4 (21.7–23.1) | 16.8 (16.2–17.3) |
Poor | 20 (19.6–20.3) | 23.4 (22.8–24.0) | 18.1 (17.7–18.5) |
Middle | 19.6 (19.3–19.9) | 21.4 (20.9–22.0) | 18.6 (18.2–19.0) |
Rich | 19.8 (19.5–20.2) | 17.9 (17.3–18.5) | 20.8 (20.4–21.3) |
Richest | 21.9 (21.4–22.4) | 14.8 (14.2–15.5) | 25.7 (25.1–26.2) |
Rural residence | 60.2 (59.4–61.0) | 78.4 (77.3–79.5) | 50.6 (49.6–51.5) |
Number of vaccines child received, mean (SD), range 0–4 | 3.4 (0.8) | 3.3 (0.9) | 3.4 (0.8) |
Child currently attends ECE, among children aged 36–59 months | 24.5 (23.9–25.0) | 16.3 (15.4–17.1) | 27.5 (26.9–28.2) |
Child outcomes | |||
HAZ, mean (SD) | −1.01 (1.7) | −1.49 (1.7) | −0.75 (1.7) |
WAZ, mean (SD) | −0.58 (1.4) | −1.05 (1.4) | − 0.32 (1.3) |
WHZ, mean (SD) | −0.01 (1.4) | − 0.29 (1.4) | 0.15 (1.5) |
ECDI z-scores among children aged 36–59 months, mean (SD) | 0.00 (1.0) | −0.34 (0.9) | 0.18 (1.0) |