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Table 3 Blood concentrations of heavy metals in Ugandan children and prevalence of elevated levels

From: Assessment of blood levels of heavy metals including lead and manganese in healthy children living in the Katanga settlement of Kampala, Uganda

Metal

n

25%

50%

75%

90%

95%

Elevated, n (%)

Antimony, μg/L

100

5.71

6.61

7.29

8.31

8.76

99 (99.0)

Arsenic, μg/L

100

0.15

0.22

0.33

0.47

0.58

0 (0.0)

Barium, μg/L

100

1.00

1.44

2.42

6.27

8.29

0 (0.0)

Cadmium, μg/L

100

0.04

0.09

0.13

0.17

0.23

17 (17.0)

Cesium, μg/L

100

0.46

0.57

0.77

0.96

1.04

0 (0.0)

Chromium, μg/L

99

0.50

0.59

0.81

1.30

1.98

7 (7.1)

Cobalt, μg/L

99

0.28

0.42

0.55

0.87

1.18

19 (19.2)

Copper, μg/L

100

1025.08

1165.51

1428.08

1579.53

1719.39

12 (12.0)

Lead, μg/dL

100

4.47

5.78

7.69

10.01

10.87

3 (3.0) [0 - < 2 μg/dL]

34 (34.0) [> = 2 - < 5 μg/dL]

53 (53.0) [> = 5 - < 10 μg/dL]

10 (10.0) [> = 10 μg/dL]

Manganese, μg/L

99

9.35

13.62

23.84

31.42

37.35

36 (36.4)

Nickel, μg/L

99

0.60

0.68

0.88

1.05

1.29

1 (1.0)

Selenium, μg/L

100

106.75

121.70

151.81

167.83

181.54

1 (1.0)

Zinc, μg/L

100

3019.95

3544.39

4284.47

4946.96

5512.64

6(6.0)