Table 2 Multivariable Cox regression analysis

Patient demographics

 Age

1.084 (1.082, 1.086)

 Gender (Male)

1.581 (1.508, 1.658)

 Ethnicity

 Others

Reference

 Chinese

1.114 (1.009, 1.230)

 Indian

1.481 (1.353, 1.621)

 Malay

1.041 (0.891, 1.217)

 Residing in Public Rental Housing

1.568 (1.469, 1.673)

 ED visits

0.983 (0.964, 1.001)

 Specialist Clinic visits

1.015 (1.013, 1.017)

 Hospital admissions

1.085 (1.060, 1.110)

 Diabetes without complications

1.249 (1.177, 1.326)

 Hypertension

1.083 (1.011, 1.160)

 Hyperlipidaemia

0.653 (0.612, 0.698)

 Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3–4

1.308 (1.181, 1.449)

 Asthma

0.869 (0.769, 0.983)

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

1.391 (1.164, 1.663)

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with cor pulmonale

1.032 (0.850, 1.254)

 Osteoarthritis

0.675 (0.632, 0.720)

 Diabetes with complications

1.238 (1.113, 1.377)

 Cerebrovascular accident

1.605 (1.502, 1.716)

 Chronic kidney disease stage V or End-stage renal failure

1.546 (1.365, 1.752)

 Depression

1.037 (0.914, 1.175)

 Schizophrenia

1.835 (1.501, 2.244)

 Dementia

1.365 (1.191, 1.565)

 Collagen vascular disease

1.191 (0.968, 1.464)

 Parkinson disease

1.589 (1.365, 1.850)

 Epilepsy

1.792 (1.500, 2.140)

 Coronary heart disease

1.244 (1.168, 1.326)

 Atrial fibrillation

1.103 (0.993, 1.226)

 Heart failure

1.721 (1.580, 1.874)

 Peripheral vascular disease

1.299 (1.155, 1.462)

 Hip fracture

1.434 (1.185, 1.736)

 Spine fracture

1.031 (0.854, 1.245)

 Chronic liver disease

1.796 (1.564, 2.063)

 Pressure ulcer

1.390 (1.155, 1.673)

 Malignancy

2.967 (2.786, 3.160)