The prevalence of substance use among Russian, Somali and Kurdish migrants in Finland: a population-based study

Essi Salama; Solja Niemelä; Jaana Suvisaari; Tiina Laatikainen; Päivikki Koponen; Anu E. Castaneda

doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5564-9

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Factors associated with daily smoking by ethnicity and gender adjusting for age²

From: The prevalence of substance use among Russian, Somali and Kurdish migrants in Finland: a population-based study

	Russian		Somali	Kurdish		General population
	Men	Women	Men	Men	Women	Men	Women
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Age
18–29	0.4 (0.18–0.83)	0.9 (0.36–2.34)	1.9 (0.63–5.74)	1.9 (1.05–3.41)	3.8 (0.72–19.67)	1.1 (0.59–2.17)	0.8 (0.46–1.47)
30–45	0.7 (0.32–1.34)	1.3 (0.61–2.84)	0.9 (0.30–2.74)	1.2 (0.65–2.12)	5.0 (1.04–23.96)	1.1 (0.61–2.02)	1.3 (0.79–2.20)
Over 45	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Marital status
Married or cohabiting	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Other	3.6 (1.73–7.60)	1.5 (0.71–2.96)	7.0 (2.94–16.56)	1.8 (1.08–2.98)	1.3 (0.53–3.21)	1.5 (0.85–2.80)	2.2 (1.36–3.58)
Level of basic education
High school	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Secondary school or less	3.3 (1.73–6.36)	1.6 (0.75–3.42)	5.1 (1.77–14.63)	1.2 (0.80–1.84)	0.6 (0.25–1.29)	3.4 (1.89–6.11)	2.5 (1.52–4.01)
Employment situation
Employed	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Unemployed	1.5 (0.72–3.25)	1.6 (0.74–3.49)	0.6 (0.23–1.84)	1.7 (1.06–2.77)	1.5 (0.59–3.67)	4.0 (1.58–10.14)	2.5 (0.90–7.08)
Economically inactive	1.2 (0.51–3.05)	0.05 (0.01–0.25)	0.2 (0.08–0.67)	0.7 (0.42–1.20)	0.2 (0.07–0.72)	0.96 (0.46–2.03)	0.5 (0.27–0.94)
Economic situation
Satisfactory	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Unsatisfactory	1.3 (0.67–2.36)	1.3 (0.66–2.55)	14.8 (4.34–50.63)	2.1 (1.30–3.32)	1.9 (0.66–5.38)
Age at migration
Adult	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Underage	1.7 (0.54–5.23)	1.0 (0.43–2.43)	1.5 (0.52–4.20)	0.7 (0.39–1.25)	1.5 (0.70–3.03)
Duration of residence in Finland
≤ 5 years	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
> 5 years	1.0 (0.47–2.15)	3.3 (1.13–9.36)	3.6 (1.11–11.58)	0.9 (0.52–1.40)	1.5 (0.57–4.17)
Language proficiency
Good	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Fair or less	2.6 (1.21–5.41)	0.9 (0.44–1.99)	0.84 (0.30–2.35)	2.1 (1.32–3.19)	0.3 (0.13–0.78)

²Statistically significant findings in bold

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