Lifestyle choices and mental health: a longitudinal survey with German and Chinese students

BMC Public Health

Table 3 - Path analysis for the prediction of positive mental health and mental health problems by lifestyle choices in German students

Outcome	Positive mental health (PMH)					Mental health problems (MHP)
Fixed effects	β	SE (β)	t	p	d	β	SE (β)	t	p	d
Cross-sectional analysis
Gender (male/female)	−.07	0.02	−3.85	< .001	0.15	.11	0.02	6.05	< .001	0.23
Age	−.02	0.02	−1.27	.204	0.05	−.03	0.02	−1.52	.128	0.06
Body mass index	−.04	0.02	−2.13	.033	0.08	.05	0.02	2.39	.017	0.09
Physical activity	.13	0.02	7.64	< .001	0.29	−.07	0.02	−3.56	< .001	0.14
Mental activity	.08	0.02	4.43	< .001	0.17	−.09	0.02	−5.24	< .001	0.20
Alcohol frequency	.04	0.02	2.44	.015	0.09	−.02	0.02	−1.16	.245	0.04
Smoking (no/yes)	−.05	0.02	−2.65	.008	0.10	.08	0.02	4.24	< .001	0.16
Vegetarian diet (no/yes)	−.05	0.02	−2.88	.004	0.11	.07	0.02	3.64	< .001	0.14
Social rhythm irregularity	−.26	0.02	−15.33	< .001	0.59	.28	0.02	15.50	< .001	0.60
Longitudinal analysis
Baseline positive mental health (PMH)	.55	0.03	16.61	< .001	0.64	−.09	0.04	−2.19	.028	0.08
Baseline mental health problems (MHP)	−.12	0.04	−3.22	.001	0.12	.52	0.04	14.02	< .001	0.54
Gender (male/female)	−.05	0.03	−1.51	.130	0.06	.08	0.03	2.45	.014	0.09
Age	−.02	0.03	−0.56	.573	0.02	.00	0.03	−0.05	.963	0.00
Body mass index	−.03	0.03	−1.11	.265	0.04	.03	0.03	0.77	.442	0.03
Physical activity	.03	0.03	0.82	.414	0.03	.03	0.03	0.76	.447	0.03
Mental activity	−.03	0.03	−1.15	.251	0.04	.00	0.03	−0.04	.970	0.00
Alcohol frequency	−.02	0.03	−0.51	.610	0.02	−.02	0.03	−0.70	.481	0.03
Smoking (no/yes)	.00	0.03	0.11	.910	0.00	.03	0.03	1.01	.311	0.04
Vegetarian diet (no/yes)	.05	0.03	1.62	.105	0.06	−.05	0.03	−1.60	.111	0.06
Social rhythm irregularity	−.09	0.03	−2.72	.007	0.10	.08	0.04	2.19	.028	0.08

ISSN: 1471-2458