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High-income countries
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Fridkin, 1995 [19] (USA)
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Cross-hospital survey of TST conversion rates.
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Conversion rates lower in hospitals with transmission control measures.
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Fella, 1995 [20] (USA)
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Overlap with Louther et al. [32] (Same hospital, similar period of study, 1991–1993)
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Decline in proportion of TST conversions over six 6-month cycles (20.7 to 5.8%) while CDC guidelines implemented.
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Holton, 1997 [21] (Canada)
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Cross-hospital survey of TST conversion rates.
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Compliance with transmission control measures inadequate in both high and low TB risk facilities.
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Boudreau 1997 [22] (USA)
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Longitudinal study of TST conversion rates but authors unable to attribute decline to transmission control measures.
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TST conversion rates fell over time in TB exposed health care workers.
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Tokars, 2001 [23] (USA)
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Two-hospital study of TST conversion rates.
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Very low rates of TST conversion in both hospitals.
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Low-and middle-income countries
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Harries, 2002 [24] (Malawi)
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TB case notification rates before and after infection guidelines introduced.
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Small non-significant decline in TB case notification rates (3.7 to 3.2%).
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Roth, 2005 [25] (Brazil)
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Cross-hospital survey of TST conversion rates.
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Conversion rates lower in hospitals with transmission control measures.
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O’Hara, 2017 [26] (South Africa)
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Cross-sectional ecological study of TB incidence rates.
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TB incidence negatively associated with overall infection control score. Of specific components, only use of respirators remained protective after multivariable adjustment.
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