Table 1 Cognitive function data across the exercise and resting trials. Data are mean ± S.E.M.
Test | Level | Variable | Participant Group | Resting trial | Exercise trial | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-exercise | Immediately post-exercise | 45 min post-exercise | Pre-exercise | Immediately post-exercise | 45 min post-exercise | ||||
Stroop test | Simple | Response time [ms] | Overall | 886 ± 28 | 849 ± 34 | 852 ± 30 | 885 ± 22 | 823 ± 25 | 933 ± 42 |
Low Fitness Group | 901 ± 37 | 842 ± 38 | 861 ± 49 | 868 ± 33 | 825 ± 32 | 980 ± 60 | |||
High Fitness Group | 888 ± 51 | 878 ± 67 | 872 ± 43 | 906 ± 27 | 824 ± 41 | 852 ± 41 | |||
Accuracy [%] | Overall | 99.1 ± 0.4 | 97.7 ± 0.6 | 96.2 ± 1.1 | 97.6 ± 0.9 | 97.0 ± 1.2 | 97.9 ± 0.8 | ||
Low Fitness Group | 99.2 ± 0.6 | 98.3 ± 0.8 | 96.6 ± 2.1 | 98.7 ± 0.7 | 97.9 ± 1.0 | 98.7 ± 0.7 | |||
High Fitness Group | 98.7 ± 0.7 | 97.5 ± 1.1 | 95.8 ± 1.2 | 98.3 ± 0.8 | 98.3 ± 1.0 | 98.3 ± 0.8 | |||
Complex | Response time [ms] | Overall | 1133 ± 37 | 1118 ± 31 | 1140 ± 31 | 1187 ± 38 | 1114 ± 29 | 1124 ± 35 | |
Low Fitness Group | 1164 ± 49 | 1190 ± 46 | 1179 ± 45 | 1131 ± 45 | 1102 ± 38 | 1163 ± 57 | |||
High Fitness Group | 1130 ± 63 | 1064 ± 44 | 1126 ± 46 | 1255 ± 69 | 1147 ± 50 | 1125 ± 49 | |||
Accuracy [%] | Overall | 96.8 ± 0.7 | 94.6 ± 0.8 | 92.8 ± 1.3 | 96.6 ± 1.0 | 94.2 ± 1.2 | 93.6 ± 1.3 | ||
Low Fitness Group | 96.5 ± 1.1 | 95.0 ± 1.1 | 93.8 ± 1.6 | 97.6 ± 0.9 | 95.3 ± 1.2 | 94.1 ± 1.4 | |||
High Fitness Group | 96.3 ± 1.1 | 94.4 ± 1.3 | 92.6 ± 1.9 | 96.8 ± 1.2 | 94.1 ± 1.8 | 94.1 ± 2.0 | |||
Sternberg paradigm | One item | Response time [ms] | Overall | 553 ± 15 | 533 ± 15 | 519 ± 21 | 548 ± 15 | 512 ± 16 | 523 ± 20 |
Low Fitness Group | 578 ± 26 | 562 ± 25 | 558 ± 38 | 563 ± 23 | 526 ± 27 | 565 ± 35 | |||
High Fitness Group | 538 ± 20 | 522 ± 17 | 484 ± 21 | 545 ± 24 | 505 ± 20 | 495 ± 21 | |||
Accuracy [%] | Overall | 98.6 ± 0.6 | 97.6 ± 0.6 | 96.6 ± 1.0 | 97.9 ± 0.7 | 95.7 ± 1.4 | 97.6 ± 0.8 | ||
Low Fitness Group | 99.7 ± 0.3 | 98.6 ± 0.8 | 98.6 ± 0.6 | 98.3 ± 0.7 | 94.8 ± 2.8 | 99.0 ± 0.6 | |||
High Fitness Group | 97.1 ± 1.2 | 97.1 ± 0.9 | 94.9 ± 1.9 | 98.2 ± 0.9 | 96.3 ± 1.1 | 97.1 ± 1.6 | |||
Three item | Response time [ms] | Overall | 712 ± 20 | 690 ± 23 | 681 ± 20 | 710 ± 22 | 692 ± 21 | 687 ± 22 | |
Low Fitness Group | 736 ± 29 | 689 ± 30 | 686 ± 30 | 707 ± 36 | 702 ± 31 | 697 ± 32 | |||
High Fitness Group | 703 ± 31 | 707 ± 40 | 688 ± 29 | 731 ± 31 | 705 ± 28 | 685 ± 34 | |||
Accuracy [%] | Overall | 95.8 ± 0.6 | 96.7 ± 0.7 | 95.0 ± 0.8 | 97.3 ± 0.5 | 94.6 ± 1.0 | 95.0 ± 1.0 | ||
Low Fitness Group | 96.7 ± 0.7 | 97.4 ± 0.7 | 94.1 ± 1.3 | 97.4 ± 0.5 | 95.8 ± 0.8 | 94.8 ± 1.4 | |||
High Fitness Group | 94.3 ± 1.1 | 95.8 ± 1.5 | 95.8 ± 1.3 | 96.9 ± 1.0 | 94.5 ± 1.8 | 95.6 ± 1.2 | |||
Five item | Response time [ms] | Overall | 861 ± 23 | 846 ± 28 | 839 ± 25 | 878 ± 27 | 818 ± 25 | 832 ± 26 | |
Low Fitness Group | 856 ± 30 | 863 ± 37 | 830 ± 35 | 851 ± 33 | 801 ± 33 | 820 ± 29 | |||
High Fitness Group | 891 ± 40 | 840 ± 51 | 873 ± 42 | 923 ± 45 | 854 ± 42 | 868 ± 45 | |||
Accuracy [%] | Overall | 94.2 ± 0.9 | 92.4 ± 1.5 | 92.7 ± 1.0 | 93.7 ± 1.2 | 92.1 ± 1.2 | 90.1 ± 1.6 | ||
Low Fitness Group | 93.9 ± 1.1 | 92.2 ± 1.8 | 93.9 ± 1.3 | 94.6 ± 1.1 | 90.3 ± 2.1 | 90.1 ± 2.5 | |||
High Fitness Group | 93.6 ± 1.6 | 92.3 ± 2.7 | 91.5 ± 1.9 | 92.1 ± 2.3 | 93.8 ± 1.2 | 90.3 ± 2.2 | |||
Trail making test | Number | Time taken [ms] | Overall | 4827 ± 143 | 5093 ± 215 | 5113 ± 202 | 4777 ± 154 | 4878 ± 178 | 5056 ± 195 |
Low Fitness Group | 4483 ± 215 | 4991 ± 343 | 4806 ± 315 | 4470 ± 220 | 4761 ± 287 | 5242 ± 313 | |||
High Fitness Group | 5224 ± 215 | 5311 ± 343 | 5536 ± 315 | 5285 ± 220 | 5152 ± 287 | 5075 ± 313 | |||
Number and letter | Time taken [ms] | Overall | 6539 ± 308 | 6333 ± 347 | 5941 ± 236 | 6847 ± 272 | 6498 ± 323 | 6103 ± 274 | |
Low Fitness Group | 5743 ± 449 | 5666 ± 511 | 5663 ± 360 | 6339 ± 409 | 5777 ± 480 | 5940 ± 440 | |||
High Fitness Group | 7487 ± 449 | 7356 ± 511 | 6477 ± 360 | 7624 ± 408 | 7389 ± 480 | 6495 ± 440 | |||
d2 test | Concentration Performance | Overall | 384 ± 12 | 425 ± 11 | 437 ± 13 | 390 ± 13 | 424 ± 12 | 431 ± 12 | |
Low Fitness Group | 371 ± 19 | 409 ± 16 | 418 ± 19 | 362 ± 19 | 399 ± 18 | 410 ± 17 | |||
High Fitness Group | 395 ± 19 | 438 ± 16 | 456 ± 19 | 414 ± 19 | 445 ± 18 | 452 ± 17 | |||
Processed Targets | Overall | 396 ± 13 | 440 ± 12 | 456 ± 14 | 404 ± 13 | 438 ± 13 | 447 ± 13 | ||
Low Fitness Group | 384 ± 20 | 422 ± 18 | 435 ± 20 | 377 ± 19 | 409 ± 19 | 424 ± 19 | |||
High Fitness Group | 404 ± 20 | 453 ± 18 | 478 ± 20 | 428 ± 19 | 463 ± 19 | 472 ± 19 | |||
Error Percentage | Overall | 4.8 ± 1.1 | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 7.8 ± 1.7 | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 6.3 ± 1.1 | ||
Low Fitness Group | 7.8 ± 1.5 | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 12.5 ± 2.4 | 8.6 ± 1.5 | 9.0 ± 1.6 | |||
High Fitness Group | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 3.4 ± 2.4 | 3.9 ± 1.5 | 3.9 ± 1.6 | |||