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Table 3 Prevalence of daily cigarette smoking by gender and nationality

From: Cigarette, waterpipe and e-cigarette use among an international sample of medical students. Cross-sectional multicenter study in Germany and Hungary

 

Daily cigarette smokers

 
 

Total

Males

Females

Difference between gendersa

Total sample

n = 2883

220 (7.6)

115 (10.4)

105 (5.9)

p < 0.001

German students

n = 1269

91 (7.2)

47 (9.5)

44 (5.7)

p = 0.010

Hungarian students

n = 1042

78 (7.5)

38 (10.2)

40 (6.0)

p = 0.013

Norwegian students

n = 145

0 (0.0)b

0 (0.0)c

0 (0.0)c

n.a.

Multinational group

n = 427

51 (11.9)

30 (16.4)

21 (8.6)

p = 0.014

Difference among nationalitiesa

p < 0.001

p = 0.004

p = 0.028

 
  1. Data expressed as n (%), aPearsons chi2-test, b,cZ-test with Bonferroni correction: bp < 0.05 versus German, Hungarian and multinational groups, cp < 0.05 versus multinational group, n.a. not analyzed