Cigarette, waterpipe and e-cigarette use among an international sample of medical students. Cross-sectional multicenter study in Germany and Hungary

Table 2 Prevalence of cigarette smoking by gender and nationality

	Cigarette smokers
	Total	Males	Females	Difference between genders^a
Total sample n = 2883	518 (18.0)	242 (22.0)	276 (15.5)	p < 0.001
German students n = 1269	211 (16.6)	100 (20.2)	111 (14.3)	p = 0.006
Hungarian students n = 1042	198 (19.0)	88 (23.7)	110 (16.4)	p = 0.004
Norwegian students n = 145	9 (6.2)^b	3 (5.8)^c	6 (6.5)^d	p = 0.870
Multinational group n = 427	100 (23.4)^e	51 (27.9)	49 (20.1)	p = 0.060
Difference among nationalities^a	p < 0.001	p = 0.004	p = 0.012

Data expressed as n (%), ^aPearsons chi²-test, ^b,c,d,eZ-test with Bonferroni correction: ^bp < 0.05 versus German, Hungarian and multinational groups, ^cp < 0.05 versus Hungarian and multinational groups, ^dp < 0.05 versus multinational group, ^ep < 0.05 versus German and Norwegian groups

ISSN: 1471-2458