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Table 3 Prevalence of substantially increased risk of waist-hip ratioa in the national sample of adults (≥18 years), by sex, age group, geographical region and educational level

From: Prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in Portugal: comprehensive results from the National Food, nutrition and physical activity survey 2015–2016

 

n

\( \widehat{N} \)

weighted % b

95% CI

standardized % c

95% CI

National (≥18 years)

 Total

4012

4.424.680

50.5%

[47.9–53.1]

 Women

2120

1.729.600

39.2%

[35.8–42.5]

  

 Men

1892

2.695.080

62.0%

[58.9–65.1]

  

Adults (18–64 years)

 Total

3281

2.959.422

42.7%

[40.1–45.2]

 Women

1766

1.008.970

29.5%

[26.6–32.5]

  

 Men

1515

1.950.453

55.4%

[51.9–58.8]

  

Elderly (65–84 years)

 Total

731

1.465.258

80.2%

[75.7–84.6]

 Women

354

720.630

71.9%

[65.0–78.9]

  

 Men

377

744.628

90.1%

[85.1–95.2]

  

Educational level

National

 None,1st and 2nd cycle

1401

2.209.083

76.0%

[72.7–79.3]

76.1%

[72.9–79.3]

 3rd cycle and high school

1723

1.579.598

40.1%

[36.7–43.5]

40.4%

[37.0–43.8]

 Higher education

882

611.000

32.2%

[26.6–37.9]

32.7%

[27.7–37.7]

Adults (18–64 years)

 None. 1st and 2nd cycle

857

1.158.302

71.0%

[66.5–75.5]

70.9%

[66.5–75.3]

 3rd cycle and high school

1597

1.281.906

35.9%

[32.4–39.3]

36.1%

[32.6–39.5]

 Higher education

826

519.214

30.0%

[25.1–34.9]

30.5%

[26.2–34.7]

Elderly (65–84 years)

 None. 1st and 2nd cycle

544

1.050.781

82.4%

[77.1–87.6]

82.7%

[77.6–87.8]

 3rd cycle and high school

126

297.692

82.1%

[74.1–90.1]

82.6%

[74.9–90.3]

 Higher education

56

91.786

55.7%

[35.1–76.3]

55.2%

[33.6–76.7]

Geographical region

 North

697

1.441.260

47.4%

[42.4–52.5]

47.9%

[42.7–53.2]

 Centre

657

1.219.171

61.4%

[55.2–67.6]

59.8%

[54.1–65.5]

 Lisbon Metropolitan Area

526

1.022.659

44.1%

[39.6–48.6]

45.5%

[41.3–49.7]

 Alentejo

483

309.731

52.3%

[47.3–57.3]

50.1%

[46.5–53.7]

 Algarve

494

190.055

50.5%

[46.9–54.1]

50.6%

[47.5–53.8]

 Madeira

566

113.373

48.6%

[42.2–55.0]

51.5%

[46.3–56.6]

 Azores

589

128.431

58.6%

[51.5–65.7]

61.7%

[54.6–68.8]

  1. Comparisons of abdominal obesity prevalence between sexes, educational level and geographic region were all statistically significant (p < 0.001; only when comparing educational level in the elderly p = 0.004)
  2. n sample size, \( \widehat{N} \)estimated population size, 95%CI 95% confidence intervals
  3. aCategory of substantially increased risk of metabolic complications defined according to the World Health Organization criteria (waist-hip ratio ≥ 0.85 in women and ≥ 0.90 in men) [34]
  4. bPrevalence weighted for the distribution of the Portuguese population
  5. cPrevalence standardized for sex and age