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Table 5 Effect sizes of the primary and secondary outcomes in all study group comparisons according to Cohen’s da

From: Effectiveness of three interventions for secondary prevention of low back pain in the occupational health setting - a randomised controlled trial with a natural course control

Analysis

Effect size (d)

Rehab vs. Control

Physio vs. Control

Advice vs. Control

Primary outcomes

 Physical impairment (PHI)

0.7

0.7

0.4

 LBP intensity (VAS)

0.6

0.6

0.4

 Quality of Life (QoL)

0.4

0.5

0.2

 Sickness absenceb days

0.1

0.0

0.1

Secondary outcomes

 Pain related fear - FABQ

0.6

0.4

0.1

 Pain related fear - FABQw

0.6

0.5

0.2

 Pain related fear - FABQph

0.4

0.1

0.1

 Disability - OSW sum

0.8

0.6

0.3

Sickness absenceb periods

0.4

0.0

0.2

  1. aCohen’s d effect size is interpreted as follows: d < 0.5 small effect size; 0.5 < d < 0.8 medium; 0.8 < d < 1.2 large; d > 1.2 very large effect size. Medium or larger effect sizes are bolded
  2. bSickness absence = accumulated, all cause sickness absence during two years
  3. FABQ Fear Avoidance Beliefs questionnaire, sum variable, FABQw Fear Avoidance beliefs questionnaire, work subscale, FABQph Fear Avoidance beliefs questionnaire, physical activity subscale, LBP low back pain, QoL health related quality of life, OSW Oswestry Disability scale (sum value)