Table 1 Characteristics and slide positivity among febrile patients in the Salween River Valley of Shan Special Region II, Myanmar
No. tested (n = 369) | No. P. falciparum (%, 95%CI) | No. P. vivax (%, 95%CI) | No. P. malariae (%, 95%CI) | Plasmodium spp. (%, 95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
Male | 227 | 37 (16.3, 11.7–21.8) | 10 (4.4, 2.1–8.0) | 3 (1.3, 0.3–3.8) | 50 (22.0, 18.8–28.0) |
Female | 142 | 37 (26.1, 19.1–34.1) | 3 (2.1, 0.4–6.0) | 1 (0.7, 0.0–3.9) | 41 (28.9, 21.6–37.1) |
Age (years) | |||||
<5 | 12 | 10 (83.3, 51.6–97.9) | 1 (8.3, 0.2–38.5) | 1 (8.3, 0.2–38.5) | 12 (100, 73.5–100) |
5–15 | 29 | 25 (86.2, 68.3–96.1) | 2 (6.9, 0.8–22.8) | 0 (0, 0–11.9) | 27 (93.1, 77.2–99.2) |
16–50 | 276 | 36 (13.0, 9.3–17.6) | 9 (3.3, 1.5–6.1) | 3 (1.1, 0.2–3.1) | 48 (17.4, 13.1–24.4) |
> 50 | 52 | 3 (5.8, 1.2–15.9) | 1 (1.9, 0.1–11.5) | 0 (0, 0–6.8) | 4 (7.7, 2.1–18.5) |
Annual average cash income (US$) | |||||
≤ 100 | 191 | 44 (23.0, 17.3–29.7) | 7 (3.7, 1.5–7.4) | 2 (1.0, 0.1–3.7) | 53 (27.7, 21.5–34.7) |
101–200 | 134 | 26 (19.4, 13.1–27.1) | 5 (3.7, 1.2–8.5) | 1 (0.7, 0.02–4.1) | 32 (23.9, 16.9–32.0) |
> 200 | 40 | 4 (10.0, 2.8–23.7) | 1 (2.5, 0.1–13.2) | 1 (2.5, 0.1–13.2) | 6 (15.0, 5.7–29.8) |
Family size of the household | |||||
≤ 3 | 75 | 12 (16.0, 8.6–26.3) | 6 (8.0, 3.0–16.6) | 1 (1.3, 0.03–7.2) | 19 (25.3, 16.0–36.7) |
4–5 | 108 | 33 (30.6, 22.1–40.2) | 5 (4.6, 1.5–10.5) | 2 (1.9, 0.2–6.5) | 40 (37.0, 27.9–46.9) |
≥ 6 | 186 | 29 (15.6, 10.7–21.6) | 2 (1.1, 0.1–3.8) | 1 (0.5, 0–3.0) | 32 (17.2, 12.1–23.4) |
Altitude of residence (meters) | |||||
< 800 | 117 | 49 (41.9, 32.8–51.4) | 4 (3.4, 0.9–8.5) | 3 (2.6, 0.5–7.3) | 56 (47.9, 38.5–57.3) |
800–1200 | 143 | 6 (4.2, 1.6–8.9) | 7 (4.9, 2.0–9.8) | 1 (0.7, 0–3.8) | 14 (9.9, 5.5–16.0) |
>1200 | 110 | 19 (17.3, 10.7–25.7) | 2 (1.8, 0.2–6.4) | 0 (0, 0–3.3) | 21 (19.1, 12.2–27.7) |
Malaria knowledge of household heads | |||||
No malaria knowledge of cause and symptoms | 52 | 17 (32.7, 20.3–47.1) | 5 (9.6, 3.2–21.0) | 0 (0, 0–6.8) | 22 (42.3, 28.7–56.8) |
Knowing malaria symptoms | 240 | 53 (21.1, 17.0–27.9) | 6 (2.5, 1.0–5.4) | 3 (1.3, 0.3–3.6) | 62 (25.8, 20.4–31.9) |
Knowing mosquitoes | 77 | 4 (5.2, 1.4–12.8) | 2 (2.6, 0.3–9.2) | 1 (1.3, 0.04–7.0) | 7 (9.1, 3.7–17.8) |
Use of measures against mosquito bite | |||||
No | 172 | 47 (27.3, 20.8–34.6) | 8 (4.6, 2.0–9.7) | 2 (1.2, 0.1–4.1) | 57 (33.1, 26.2–40.7) |
Yes | 197 | 27 (13.7, 9.2–19.3) | 5 (2.5, 0.8–5.8) | 2 (1.0, 0.1–3.6) | 34 (17.3, 12.3–23.3) |
Family decision | |||||
Husband | 283 | 67 (23.7, 18.8–29.1) | 8 (2.8, 1.2–5.5) | 2 (0.7, 0.1–2.5) | 77 (27.2, 22.1–32.8) |
No response | 11 | 2 (18.2, 2.3–51.8) | 2 (18.2, 2.3–51.8) | 1 (9.1, 0.2–41.3) | 5 (45.5, 16.7–76.6) |
Wife or co-decision | 75 | 5 (6.7, 2.1–14.9) | 3 (4.0, 0.8–11.2) | 1 (1.3, 0.03–7.2) | 9 (12.0, 5.6–21.6) |
Distance from health facilities or drug shops | |||||
> 3 km | 295 | 66 (22.4, 17.7–27.6) | 11 (3.7, 1.9–6.6) | 4 (1.4, 0.4–3.4) | 81 (27.5, 22.4–32.9) |
≤ 3 km | 74 | 8 (10.8, 4.8–20.2) | 2 (2.7, 0.3–9.4) | 0 (0, 0–4.9) | 10 (13.5, 6.7–23.5) |
Time between onset of illness and seeking treatment (hours) | |||||
Never sought treatment | 46 | 17 (37.0, 23.2–52.5) | 4 (8.7, 2.4–20.8) | 3 (6.5, 1.4–17.9) | 24 (52.2, 36.9–67.1) |
> 48 | 181 | 48 (26.5, 20.2–33.6) | 6 (3.3, 1.2–7.1) | 1 (0.6, 0–3.0) | 55 (30.4, 23.8–37.6) |
25–48 | 24 | 2 (8.3, 1.0–27.0) | 2 (8.3, 1.0–27.0) | 0 (0, 0–14.2) | 4 (16.7, 4.7–37.4) |
≤ 24 | 118 | 7 (5.9, 2.4–11.8) | 1 (0.8, 0.02–4.6) | 0 (0, 0–3.1) | 8 (6.8, 3.0–12.9) |
Total | 369 | 74 (20.1, 16.1–24.5) | 13 (3.5, 1.9–5.9) | 4 (1.1, 0.3–2.8) | 91 (24.7, 20.3–29.4) |