| |
Summer
|
Autumn
|
|---|
|
Exposed area (N = 310)
|
Controlled area (N = 150)
|
Exposed area/Controlled area
|
p value
|
Exposed area (N = 310)
|
Controlled area (N = 150)
|
Exposed area/Controlled area
|
p value
|
|---|
|
Mean ± SD
|
Mean ± SD
|
Mean ± SD
|
Mean ± SD
|
|---|
|
Toluene
|
Outa
|
73.62 ± 62.07
|
11.38 ± 13.67
|
6.47
|
< 0.01
|
161.37 ± 211.73
|
74.67 ± 51.81
|
2.16
|
< 0.01
|
|
Inb
|
125.22 ± 396.86
|
16.81 ± 26.75
|
7.45
|
0.03
|
167.04 ± 221.10
|
72.51 ± 56.62
|
2.30
|
< 0.01
|
|
DMF
|
Out
|
23.17 ± 28.60
|
4.79 ± 3.05
|
4.84
|
< 0.01
|
21.26 ± 20.30
|
3.40 ± 1.20
|
6.25
|
< 0.01
|
|
In
|
21.30 ± 33.12
|
4.90 ± 3.12
|
4.35
|
< 0.01
|
17.62 ± 15.41
|
3.59 ± 1.03
|
4.91
|
< 0.01
|
|
Chloroform
|
Out
|
10.75 ± 4.13
|
5.77 ± 4.63
|
1.86
|
< 0.01
|
11.72 ± 5.75
|
6.71 ± 1.66
|
1.75
|
< 0.01
|
|
In
|
10.38 ± 3.44
|
6.47 ± 4.85
|
1.60
|
< 0.01
|
11.92 ± 5.78
|
6.70 ± 2.21
|
1.78
|
< 0.01
|
|
MEK
|
Out
|
2.67 ± 6.67
|
N.D.c
|
N.D.
|
N.D.
|
13.84 ± 10.54
|
15.42 ± 56.46
|
0.90
|
0.33
|
|
In
|
3.03 ± 7.15
|
N.D.
|
N.D.
|
N.D.
|
15.15 ± 13.89
|
30.65 ± 138.31
|
0.49
|
0.33
|
|
Benzene
|
Out
|
8.84 ± 2.15
|
5.47 ± 3.45
|
1.62
|
< 0.01
|
3.54 ± 2.54
|
1.85 ± 0.41
|
1.91
|
< 0.01
|
|
In
|
9.00 ± 2.02
|
5.51 ± 3.43
|
1.63
|
< 0.01
|
3.71 ± 2.93
|
1.94 ± 0.52
|
1.91
|
< 0.01
|
|
Ethylbenzene
|
Out
|
20.38 ± 22.66
|
5.89 ± 5.81
|
3.46
|
< 0.01
|
2.34 ± 1.42
|
1.27 ± 0.78
|
1.84
|
< 0.01
|
|
In
|
20.23 ± 16.63
|
6.22 ± 6.78
|
3.25
|
< 0.01
|
2.62 ± 14.79
|
1.57 ± 2.31
|
1.67
|
0.02
|
|
m,p-Xylene
|
Out
|
10.70 ± 10.10
|
3.51 ± 2.57
|
3.05
|
< 0.01
|
10.48 ± 3.55
|
15.37 ± 7.95
|
0.68
|
< 0.01
|
|
In
|
12.11 ± 10.94
|
3.81 ± 2.61
|
3.18
|
< 0.01
|
11.13 ± 4.14
|
18.69 ± 17.25
|
0.60
|
0.16
|
|
o-Xylene
|
Out
|
17.42 ± 7.92
|
9.23 ± 5.87
|
1.89
|
0.16
|
1.73 ± 0.48
|
N.D.
|
N.D
|
N.D
|
|
In
|
18.09 ± 8.03
|
9.94 ± 7.16
|
1.82
|
0.01
|
1.82 ± 0.51
|
N.D.
|
N.D
|
N.D
|
- Residential outdoor and indoor average concentrations of toluene, DMF, chloroform, benzene, ethylbenzene and m,p-xylene in exposed area were significantly higher than in the controlled area in summer. The outdoor and indoor average concentrations of most selected VOCs in exposed area were also significantly higher than in the controlled area in autumn, only except for MEK and m, p-xylene
- aOutdoor; bIndoor; cNo detection
