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Table 2 Generalized Estimating Equations Odds Ratios, (99% Confidence Intervals), and p-values for Between- and Within-Person Associationsa of Emotions with Food Choices

From: The Association among Emotions and Food Choices in First-Year College Students Using mobile-Ecological Momentary Assessments

Emotion

Food choice

Between-person

Within-person

OR (99% CI)

p-value

OR (99% CI)

p-value

Negativeb

Sweets

1.5 (0.9, 2.5)

0.037

1.3 (0.8, 1.9)

0.168

Salty snacks/fried foods

1.2 (0.6, 2.2)

0.552

1.0 (0.6, 1.5)

0.844

 

Fruits/vegetables

1.3 (0.8, 2.2)

0.168

1.1 (0.8, 1.6)

0.298

 

Pizza/fast food

1.2 (0.6, 2.2)

0.470

0.8 (0.5, 1.2)

0.134

 

Sandwiches/wraps

1.0 (0.6, 1.7)

0.905

1.1 (0.7, 1.6)

0.551

 

Meats/proteins

1.3 (0.8, 2.1)

0.184

1.5 (1.0, 2.1)

0.004

 

Pasta/rice

1.3 (0.8, 2.3)

0.164

1.4 (1.0, 2.1)

0.022

 

Cereals

1.6 (0.6, 4.1)

0.230

1.1 (0.6, 2.4)

0.627

Positiveb

Sweets

1.5 (0.9, 2.4)

0.042

1.7 (1.1, 2.6)

0.002

Salty snacks/fried foods

0.8 (0.5, 1.4)

0.383

1.5 (1.0, 2.2)

0.015

 

Fruits/vegetables

1.5 (1.0, 2.4)

0.012

1.4 (1.0, 1.9)

0.012

 

Pizza/fast food

0.8 (0.5, 1.3)

0.238

0.6 (0.4, 1.0)

0.007

 

Sandwiches/wraps

1.0 (0.7, 1.6)

0.817

0.8 (0.5, 1.2)

0.130

 

Meats/proteins

1.8 (1.2, 2.8)

<0.001

1.2 (0.8, 1.6)

0.222

 

Pasta/rice

1.6 (1.0, 2.5)

0.013

1.0 (0.7, 1.5)

0.903

 

Cereals

2.0 (0.8, 4.8)

0.052

1.0 (0.5, 1.9)

0.890

Apatheticb

Sweets

1.2 (0.6, 2.3)

0.398

1.3 (0.8, 2.2)

0.151

Salty snacks/fried foods

2.0 (1.0, 3.9)

0.013

1.4 (0.9, 2.2)

0.076

 

Fruits/vegetables

0.7 (0.4, 1.4)

0.190

1.0 (0.7, 1.5)

0.766

 

Pizza/fast food

2.0 (1.0, 4.1)

0.017

0.8 (0.5, 1.4)

0.387

 

Sandwiches/wraps

1.0 (0.5, 1.8)

0.862

0.7 (0.5, 1.2)

0.083

 

Meats/proteins

0.7 (0.4, 1.3)

0.163

0.9 (0.6, 1.3)

0.364

 

Pasta/rice

0.7 (0.4, 1.5)

0.274

0.8 (0.5, 1.2)

0.182

 

Cereals

1.0 (0.3, 3.1)

0.967

1.6 (0.7, 3.7)

0.136

  1. aAssociations were adjusted for sex, day of the week, time of day and within-person clustering of responses
  2. bNegative emotions included sad, stressed, and tired; Positive emotions included happy, energized, and relaxed; Apathetic emotions included bored and meh
  3. Boldface indicates statistical significance at p<0.01