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Table 4 Age-standardized proportion (95% uncertainty interval) of all deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributable to child and maternal undernutrition, low physical activity, dietary and metabolic risk factors and rank of East African countries between 1990 and 2015

From: Burden of disease attributable to suboptimal diet, metabolic risks and low physical activity in Ethiopia and comparison with Eastern sub-Saharan African countries, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Risk factors

 

Deaths

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)

1990

2015

 

1990

2015

 

Proportion (%) of all deaths (95% UI)

Rank

Proportion (%) of all deaths (95% UI)

Rank

Change (%) (95% UI)

Proportion (%) of all DALYs (95% UI)

Rank

Proportion (%) of all DALYs (95% UI)

Rank

Change (%) (95% UI)

Child and maternal undernutrition

Somalia

11.8 (7.1–19.4)

2

7.5 (4.7–12.6)

1

−36.6 (− 68.1 to 20.5)

21.8 (14.2–30.1)

2

15.5 (9.6–22.7)

1

−28.8 (−58.5 to 19.3)

South Sudan

13.7 (7.5–22.2)

1

6.9 (3.9–11.3)

2

−49.3 (−75.0 to 2.7)

23.6 (15.1–32.8)

1

13.3 (7.7–19.2)

2

−43.4 (−66.6 to −5.8)

Eritrea

9.9 (8.3–12.0)

4

5.0 (3.6–7.2)*

3

−49.2 (−64.1 to −24)

20.5 (17.5–24.4)

3

10.9 (7.7–14.8)*

3

−46.9 (−62.7 to − 25.3)

Djibouti

9.3 (7.0–12.2)

5

4.9 (3.1–7.2)

4

−47.5 (−68.8 to −14.3)

18.3 (14.6–22.4)

5

10.6 (7.1–14.4)*

4

−42.1 (−62.6 to −14.7)

Madagascar

10.2 (8.8–12.4)

3

4.7 (3.3–6.6)*

5

−54.1 (−68 to −35)

20.1 (17.5–23.9)

4

10.4 (7.7–13.8)*

5

−48.2 (−62.6 to − 30.1)

Burundi

5.8 (4.4–7.6)

14

4.7 (3.2–6.9)

6

−19.3 (−49.6 to 25.3)

11.2 (8.4–14.5)

14

9.2 (6.5–13.0)

6

−17.9 (−46.7 to 25.1)

Malawi

9.2 (6.9–11.8)

6

4.4 (3.2–6.0)*

7

−52.3 (−67.6 to − 28.1)

15.9 (12.0–20.3)

8

8.4 (6.4–10.8)*

7

−47.5 (− 63.2 to − 23.9)

Rwanda

6.9 (5.2–8.6)

12

4.2 (2.9–5.9)

8

−39.2 (−59.2 to −8.9)

13.5 (10.2–17.1)

12

8.3 (6.2–11.1)

8

−38.6 (− 57.5 to − 10.7)

Ethiopia

8.6 (6.8–11.0)

8

3.6 (2.5–5.1)*

9

−58.5 (−72.4 to − 39.7)

17.3 (13.8–22.3)

6

7.4 (5.4–9.9)*

12

− 57.2 (− 71.3 to − 39.9)

Tanzania

8.7 (7.1–10.6)

7

3.5 (2.6–4.8)*

10

− 59.6 (−71.3to − 42.9)

17.1 (14.2–20.2)

7

7.6 (5.8–9.9)*

9

− 55.4 (−68 to − 40.3)

Kenya

6.4 (5.7–7.3)

13

3.5 (2.9–4.1)*

11

−45.8 (− 53.1 to − 37.9)

13.5 (12.2–15)

13

7.5 (6.6–8.6)*

10

−44.3 (− 50.5 to − 37.8)

Comoros

7.9 (5.9–11.1)

10

3.4 (2.4–4.8)*

12

−56.7 (− 72.4 to − 31.1)

15.8 (12.2–20.4)

9

7.5 (5.4–10.1)*

11

− 52.6 (− 67.9 to − 27.8)

Uganda

4.8 (3.7–6.2)

15

2.9 (2.1–4.2)

13

− 39.7 (− 60.3 to − 8.5)

9.4 (7.3–11.6)

15

6.1 (4.5–8.2)

13

−35.2 (− 56.0 to − 6.4)

Zambia

8.0 (6.4–9.8)

9

2.8 (2.1–3.6)*

14

− 65.4 (− 74.7 to − 52.8)

14.8 (11.8–17.8)

10

5.2 (4.0–6.7)*

14

−64.7 (− 74.2 to − 51.5)

Mozambique

7.8 (6.1–10.1)

11

2.0 (1.5–2.8)*

15

−74.0 (− 82.2 to −62.0)

14.1 (11.2–17.9)

11

4.5 (3.4–5.8)*

15

−68.1 (− 77.6 to −55.3)

Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa

8.1 (7.1–9.2)

 

3.7 (3.2–4.3)*

 

−54.1 (−61.3 to − 45.6)

15.8 (13.9–17.9)

 

7.8 (6.9–8.9)*

 

−50.8 (− 58.3 to − 42.7)

Dietary risks

Madagascar

14.2 (11.6–18.1)

2

16.1 (12.6–20.7)

1

13.2 (0.0 to 24.6)

7.7 (6.3–9.5)

1

9.7 (6.9–13.0)

1

25.9 (− 3.4 to 56.5)

Tanzania

13.7 (11.0–16.6)

3

15.9 (12.7–19.3)

2

16.4 (2.3 to 31.6)

6.6 (5.4–8.0)

6

8.4 (6.1–11.0)

3

27.1 (−4.1 to 65.6)

Djibouti

14.4 (11.8–17.8)

1

15.0 (12.2–18.5)

3

4.0 (−10 to 22.2)

7.5 (5.6–9.8)

3

8.6 (6.0–11.6)

2

13.8 (−21.6 to 67.8)

Ethiopia

10.8 (8.8–13.3)

7

14.5 (11.7–18.0)

4

35.0 (14.1 to 53.9)

6.1 (5.0–7.4)

7

8.1 (6.1–10.5)

4

33.6 (3.5 to 68.3)

Comoros

13.5 (10.9–17.0)

4

13.4 (10.6–17.3)

5

−0.7 (− 13.6 to 13.8)

7.7 (5.7–10.2)

2

7.9 (6.0–10.2)

5

2.6 (− 23.7 to 37.6)

Eritrea

11.4 (9.1–14.5)

6

12.8 (10.3–16.2)

6

12.5 (−0.3 to 25.3)

6.6 (5.4–8.4)

5

7.8 (5.6–10.2)

6

17.5 (−13.6 to 45.2)

Zambia

9.1 (7.2–11.5)

11

12.7 (10.5–15.5)

7

39.4 (19.3 to 62.8)

4.5 (3.5–5.7)

11

7.7 (5.9–9.7)*

7

71.5 (31.4 to 117.5)

Burundi

11.8 (9.1–15.4)

5

11.5 (8.7–14.8)

8

−2.9 (− 23.6 to 16.9)

7.4 (5.4–9.9)

4

6.8 (4.9–9.1)

8

−7.9 (−33.9 to 27.1)

Mozambique

8.9 (6.6–11.5)

12

11.4 (8.6–14.7)

9

28.5 (3.6 to 56.6)

4.1 (3.1–5.3)

12

6.3 (4.2–8.7)

9

52.5 (6.0 to 103.2)

Somalia

10.5 (7.2–13.8)

8

10.6 (7.9–13.3)

10

0.6 (−20.7 to 33.3)

5.7 (2.9–8.5)

8

6.2 (3.5–8.9)

10

9.1 (−37.5 to 113.7)

Rwanda

9.6 (7.2–13.2)

9

10.2 (7.2–13.9)

11

5.3 (−12.9 to 23.1)

5.5 (4.1–7.4)

9

5.4 (3.7–7.7)

11

−0.5 (−25.6 to 33.3)

South Sudan

9.6 (6.8–12.9)

10

9.9 (7.2–13.2)

12

2.3 (−22.7 to 36.2)

4.8 (2.6–7.5)

10

5.4 (3.3–8.4)

12

14.5 (−38.3 to 120.3)

Uganda

6.7 (4.8–9.0)

14

9.0 (6.8–11.8)

13

35.5 (13.0 to 60.1)

3.4 (2.3–4.7)

13

5.2 (3.4–7.0)

13

51.7 (9.5 to 101.4)

Malawi

6.9 (5.5–8.4)

13

8.3 (6.3–10.2)

14

19.8 (−0.6 to 43.3)

3.3 (2.5–4.0)

15

4.4 (3.1–5.9)

14

35.2 (0.6 to 82.5)

Kenya

6.0 (5.1–7.2)

15

6.7 (5.6–7.9)

15

10.5 (3.9 to 18.4)

3.4 (2.8–4.0)

14

3.9 (3.2–4.6)

15

15.1 (4.6 to 26.7)

Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa

10.2 (8.5–12.5)

 

12.4 (10.2–15.1)

 

21.2 (10.8 to 31.2)

5.5 (4.6–6.6)

 

6.9 (5.7–8.5)

 

26.8 (10.2 to 43.4)

Metabolic risks

Madagascar

24 (22.2–25.7)

2

28.3 (25.6–30.6)

1

17.9 (8.2 to 26.9)

12.3 (11.2–13.4)

2

16.1 (12.9–19.0)

1

31.2 (5.5 to 56.9)

Djibouti

23.7 (21.5–26.1)

3

26.9 (24.5–29.5)

2

13.8 (2.0 to 27.5)

12.0 (9.7–14.6)

3

15.0 (11.8–18.5)

2

25.2 (−7.1 to 68.5)

Comoros

24.4 (22.1–26.7)

1

25.8 (23.3–28.1)

3

5.4 (−5.9 to 18.0)

13.3 (10.5–15.8)

1

14.7 (12.5–17.1)

3

10.8 (−12.7 to 40.9)

Ethiopia

17.0 (15.4–18.7)

12

24.2 (22.2–26.1)*

4

42.5 (27.1 to 58.3)

9.1 (8.1–10.1)

8

13.1 (10.9–15.3)*

4

43.9 (16.6 to 74)

Rwanda

20.4 (17.9–23.2)

4

22.3 (19.9–25.1)

5

9.4 (−5.0 to 25.1)

10.8 (9.2–12.4)

5

11.5 (9.5–13.7)

10

6.6 (−15.4 to 34.2)

Tanzania

18.2 (16.6–19.8)

8

22.2 (19.6–24.8)

6

21.9 (7.2 to 37.2)

8.8 (7.8–9.7)

9

11.9 (9.5–14.7)

8

35.5 (6.8 to 69.6)

Mozambique

17.5 (15.7–19.2)

10

22 (18.7–25.0)

7

26.1 (5.8 to 47.1)

7.8 (7.0–8.8)

12

11.8 (8.8–14.6)*

9

50.0 (10.8 to 89.7)

Eritrea

19.0 (17.1–21.1)

6

21.7 (19.3–24.2)

8

14.1 (1.8 to 27.9)

10.5 (9.3–11.8)

6

12.6 (9.8–14.9)

6

20.1 (−6.8 to 42.3)

Zambia

16.2 (14.3–18.3)

13

21.7 (19.5–23.6)*

9

33.3 (16.6 to 52.9)

7.7 (6.5–8.9)

13

12.7 (10.5–14.5)*

5

64.3 (32.1 to 101.2)

Burundi

20.3 (17.6–24.0)

5

21.4 (19.0–23.9)

10

5.2 (−10.9 to 22.4)

11.8 (9.6–14.5)

4

11.9 (9.7–14.1)

7

0.9 (−22.2 to 31.4)

Uganda

17.0 (14.5–19.1)

11

21.2 (18.5–23.7)

11

24.2 (8.2 to 43.7)

8.1 (6.3–9.5)

11

11.4 (8.7–13.8)

11

40.4 (8.0 to 77.7)

Somalia

18.4 (14.1–21.3)

7

19.2 (16.1–21.7)

12

4.7 (−12.8 to 32.8)

9.5 (5.5–12.8)

7

10.8 (7.2–13.7)

12

14.6 (−27.8 to 103.4)

Malawi

15.8 (13.9–17.7)

14

19 (16.3–21.4)

13

20.0 (2.3 to 41.3)

7.0 (5.9–8.2)

15

9.5 (7.5–11.8)

14

35.3 (4.6 to 73.3)

South Sudan

17.7 (13.8–20.7)

9

18.6 (15.5–21.3)

14

5.5 (−15.0 to 35.5)

8.4 (5.2–12.0)

10

10.0 (6.9–13.6)

13

18.9 (−28.6 to 108.2)

Kenya

14.7 (13.5–16.0)

15

16.7 (15.6–17.9)

15

14.1 (7.8 to 21.2)

7.6 (7.0–8.4)

14

9.2 (8.3–9.9)

15

19.8 (11.0 to 29.2)

Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa

17.7 (16.4–19.0)

 

22.1 (20.8–23.4)*

 

24.7 (17.6 to 33.1)

9.0 (8.4–9.8)

 

12.0 (10.9–13.2)*

 

33.0 (20.3 to 46.2)

Low physical activity

Djibouti

1.3 (0.9–1.7)

1

1.8 (1.3–2.3)

1

35.9 (14.9 to 63.2)

0.6 (0.4–0.9)

1

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

2

48.6 (8.3 to 104.0)

Zambia

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

3

1.7 (1.3–2.1)

2

53.7 (33.4 to 78.3)

0.5 (0.4–0.7)

3

1.0 (0.7–1.3)*

1

89.5 (52.0 to 132.4)

Ethiopia

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

7

1.4 (1.0–1.8)

3

54.1 (27.3 to 80.1)

0.5 (0.3–0.6)

7

0.7 (0.5–1.0)

4

56.9 (22.5 to 95.7)

Madagascar

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

2

1.3 (0.9–1.8)

4

20.4 (5.1 to 35.6)

0.5 (0.4–0.7)

2

0.7 (0.5–1.0)

3

36.7 (9.4 to 65.4)

Rwanda

1.0 (0.6–1.3)

4

1.2 (0.8–1.6)

5

24.3 (4.5 to 46.7)

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

6

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

7

22.5 (−3.2 to 55.5)

Comoros

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

5

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

6

20.4 (4.2 to 40.1)

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

5

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

5

28.9 (1.3 to 62.8)

Tanzania

0.9 (0.6–1.1)

11

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

7

34.3 (17.8 to 55.0)

0.4 (0.3–0.5)

11

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

8

48.0 (17.0 to 87.1)

Mozambique

0.8 (0.5–1.1)

12

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

8

41.9 (16.5 to 72.6)

0.3 (0.2–0.5)

13

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

10

69.3 (26.4 to 120.2)

Eritrea

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

10

1.1 (0.7–1.4)

9

24.3 (6.7 to 43.2)

0.5 (0.3–0.6)

8

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

6

34.0 (6.4 to 62.6)

Uganda

0.7 (0.5–1.0)

14

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

10

47.6 (25.2 to 77.0)

0.3 (0.2–0.5)

14

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

11

68.6 (29.7 to 116.2)

Burundi

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

6

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

11

15.0 (−9.2 to 37.7)

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

4

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

9

14.5 (−12.9 to 49.2)

Malawi

0.8 (0.5–1.0)

13

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

12

31.9 (11.8 to 57.8)

0.3 (0.2–0.5)

12

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

13

50.6 (18.1 to 94.7)

South Sudan

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

8

1.0 (0.7–1.3)

13

16.1 (−4.8 to 45.8)

0.4 (0.2–0.6)

10

0.5 (0.3–0.8)

12

32.7 (−17.5 to 117.6)

Somalia

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

9

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

14

6.3 (−11.5 to 30.6)

0.4 (0.2–0.6)

9

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

14

18.4 (−21.5 to 96.6)

Kenya

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

15

0.7 (0.5–0.9)

15

16.8 (8.4 to 26.6)

0.3 (0.2–0.4)

15

0.4 (0.3–0.5)

15

22.3 (11.6 to 33.7)

Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa

0.9 (0.6–1.1)

 

1.2 (0.8–1.5)

 

36.2 (24.4 to 48.6)

0.4 (0.3–0.5)

 

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

 

45.9 (29.8 to 63.7)

  1. DALYs Disability-adjusted life years, UI uncertainty interval; * -shows a significant change; (i.e. changes were based on 95% UI–out of the UI)