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Table 3 Adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality by known or suspected confounders

From: Daily step count and all-cause mortality in a sample of Japanese elderly people: a cohort study

 

Participants

Hazard ratio

95%CI

Sexa

 Female

191

1.00 (reference)

 

 Male

228

2.60

1.12–6.07

Body mass indexb

 First quartile 15.1–20.5 kg·m−2

108

1.00 (reference)

 

 Second quartile 20.6–22.4 kg·m− 2

105

0.60

0.31–1.16

 Third quartile 22.5–24.6 kg·m−2

104

0.78

0.41–1.51

 Fourth quartile 24.7–31.8 kg·m−2

102

1.04

0.57–1.88

Percentage of Body fatb

   

 First quartile 7.7–18.9%

107

1.00 (reference)

 

 Second quartile 19.0–23.2%

106

0.91

0.50–1.66

 Third quartile 23.3–28.6%

102

1.16

0.62–2.17

 Fourth quartile 28.7–49.7%

104

0.90

0.38–2.13

Cigarette smokingc

 Never smoker

197

1.00 (reference)

 

 Past smoker

145

1.65

0.73–3.76

 Current smoker

77

2.12

0.90–4.98

Alcohol intaked

 Never drinker

220

1.00 (reference)

 

 1–2 times/week

38

1.03

0.47–2.28

 3–5 times/week

41

1.23

0.63–2.41

 6–7 times/week

120

0.55

0.30–0.99

Medication usee

 No

157

1.00 (reference)

 

 Yes

262

1.60

0.96–2.68

  1. aAdjusted for steps/day (continuous variable), body mass index (continuous variable), cigarette smoking (never-smokers, past smokers, current smokers), alcohol intake (non, 1–2 times/week, 3–5 times/week, 6–7 times/week), and medication use (yes, no)
  2. bAdjusted for steps/day (continuous variable), sex, cigarette smoking (never-smokers, past smokers, current smokers), alcohol intake (non, 1–2 times/week, 3–5 times/week, 6–7 times/week), and medication use (yes, no)
  3. cAdjusted for steps/day (continuous variable), sex, body mass index (continuous variable), alcohol intake (non, 1–2 times/week, 3–5 times/week, 6–7 times/week), and medication use (yes, no)
  4. dAdjusted for steps/day (continuous variable), sex, body mass index (continuous variable), cigarette smoking (never-smokers, past smokers, current smokers), and medication use (yes, no)
  5. eAdjusted for steps/day (continuous variable), sex, body mass index (continuous variable), cigarette smoking (never-smokers, past smokers, current smokers), and alcohol intake (non, 1–2 times/week, 3–5 times/week, 6–7 times/week)