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Table 2 Subgroup analysis of dietary isoflavones intake and gastric cancer risk

From: The association between dietary isoflavones intake and gastric cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

Subgroup

Number of participants

Number of studies

OR (95% CI)

Analysis model

Heterogeneity test

I2 (%)

P

All studies

596,553

12

0.97 (0.87–1.09)

Fixed

27.5

0.174

Study design

 Cohort

592,985

6

0.91 (0.80–1.04)

Fixed

15.2

0.316

 Case-control

3568

6

1.15 (0.93–1.43)

Fixed

15.4

0.315

Sex

 Male

196,443

4

0.91 (0.78–1.06)

Fixed

0

0.576

 Female

397,210

4

0.89 (0.71–1.13)

Fixed

34.1

0.208

 Mixed

2900

4

1.25 (0.98–1.59)

Fixed

8.6

0.350

Geographic area

 Europe and America

480,212

6

1.11 (0.91–1.34)

Fixed

29.2

0.316

 Asia

116,341

6

0.91 (0.79–1.05)

Fixed

12.5

0.335

Source of control

 Population

594,898

8

0.98 (0.86–1.11)

Fixed

48.5

0.059

 Hospital

1655

4

0.96 (0.73–1.26)

Fixed

0

0.663

Sample size

 ≥ 750

595,675

7

0.99 (0.87–1.12)

Random

51.9

0.052

 < 750

878

5

0.93 (0.74–1.17)

Fixed

0

0.640

Dietary assessment

 > 100 items

595,566

10

0.97 (0.86–1.09)

Fixed

37.8

0.107

 ≤ 100 items

987

2

1.02 (0.73–1.44)

 

0

0.430

Adjustments

 Family history, yes

84,881

2

1.02 (0.85–1.22)

Fixed

0

0.737

 No

511,672

10

0.94 (0.82–1.09)

 

38.6

0.101

 Dietary energy intake, yes

478,967

8

0.98 (0.85–1.12)

Random

0

0.868

 No

32,705

4

0.97 (0.79–1.18)

 

75

0.007