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Table 1 Characteristics of 23 TB targeted testing and linkage to care studies among homeless populations in the United States

From: Care Cascade for targeted tuberculosis testing and linkage to Care in Homeless Populations in the United States: a meta-analysis

Author and year

Data collection years

City/county, State

Target population

Recruitment method

Number of valid test results

Barry 1986 [15]

1984

Boston, Massachusetts

Homeless adults

Shelter-based

187

McAdam 1990 [15]

1982-1988

New York, New York

Homeless adults

Shelter-based

1508

Torres 1990 [16]

1986-1989

New York, New York

Individuals staying at a “Gay Mens” Shelter on Ward Island

Shelter, and healthcare facility-based

94

Nolan 1991 [17]

1985

Seattle, Washington

Homeless men

Shelter-based

93

Neims 1992 [18]

Not reported

Baltimore, Maryland

Individuals who spent at least one night in a homeless shelter in the previous year.

Shelter, healthcare facility, and other service-based

57

Paul 1993 [20]

1990

New York, New York

Homeless men

Shelter-based

98

Gelberg 1997 [21]

1991 or 1992- not reported

Los Angeles, California

Homeless adults

Participants were recruited from a separate longitudinal cohort of homeless persons conducted by the RAND Corporation; the RAND cohort was recruited using a combination of shelter-based, meal program-based, and street-based recruitment

260

Morrow 1997 [22]

Not reported

Yonkers, New York

Underserved men and women using the shelter’s services (food, clinic, sleeping there)

Shelter-based

95

Sakai 1998 [19]

1996

New Orleans, Louisiana

Homeless men

Shelter-based

105

Bock 1999 [23]

1994-1996

Atlanta, Georgia

“High- risk” inner city residents

Healthcare facility-based

2002

Griffin 1999 [24]

1997-1998

Kansasa City, Missouri

Homeless adults

Shelter-based

654

Kimerling 1999 [25]

1996-1996

Birmingham, Alabama

Homeless adults

Shelter-based

21

Falchook 2000 [26]

1998-1999

New Orleans, Louisiana

Homeless adults

Shelter-based

54

Kong 2002 [27]

1995-1998

Denver, Colorado

Residents of communal shelters and residential drug and alcohol treatment programs

Shelter and other service-based

10,207

Cheung 2002 [28]

1995-2000

Menlo Park, California

VA-eligible homeless adults

Healthcare facility-based

829

Saez 2002 [32]

1990-1992

New York City, New York

Mentally ill homeless men

Shelter and healthcare facility-based

75

Forman 2003 [29]

2001

Anchorage, Alaska

Homeless adults

Shelter-based

47

Valencia 2004 [30]

Not reported

New York, New York

Mentally ill homeless men

Shelter-based

173

Dewan 2006 [12]

2003-2005

San Francisco, California

Homeless adults

Healthcare facility-based

2559

Lashley 2007 [31]

2005-2007

Baltimore, Maryland

Homeless adults in or recently graduated from a residential addictions recovery program

Shelter-based

282

McAdam 2009 [33]

1992-2006

New York, New York

Homeless persons attending shelters and drop-in facilities

Shelter and other service-based

21,028

Alexander 2011 [11]

2009-2011

County not reported, Indiana

Homeless adults

Shelter-based with street outreach component: health fairs and another event offering legal, social and health services to the homeless.

1421

Higashi 2014 [13]

2005-2009

San Francisco, California

Homeless adults

Healthcare facility-based

10,935