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Table 2 Lifestyle and health-related risk factors and psychosocial measures of 380 adults 30–75 y/o in Puerto Rico

From: Health conditions and lifestyle risk factors of adults living in Puerto Rico: a cross-sectional study

 

All

Men

Women

p-value

Abdominal obesity U.S. cutoff, %a

61.3

33.0

76.2

< 0.0001

Abdominal obesity IDF cutoff, %a

75.6

55.1

86.4

< 0.0001

High waist-to-hip ratio, %a

76.8

77.6

76.4

0.81

BMI, %b

 Underweight

11.1

14.6

9.2

< 0.0001

 Recommended weight

46.7

63.4

38.1

 

 Overweight

21.8

14.6

25.5

 

 Obesity

20.4

7.3

27.2

 

Physical activity, %c

 Sedentary

43.5

40.0

42.2

0.10

 Light

30.7

26.7

32.7

 

 Moderate/Vigorous

25.9

33.3

22.1

 

Habitual relaxation exercises, %

7.8

9.8

6.8

0.47

Sleep, hours/day

7.0 (1.7)

6.9 (1.6)

7.0 (1.7)

0.51

 Less than 7 h/day

37.7

39.4

36.8

0.20

 7–8 h/day

50.7

53.3

49.4

 

 More than 8 h/day

11.6

7.4

13.9

 

Sleep difficulties, %

 Always

22.0

26.2

20.0

0.31

 Occasionally

28.7

25.4

30.5

 

 Rarely

49.3

48.4

49.8

 

TV watching, hours/day

3.7 (2.7)

3.8 (3.0)

3.7 (2.6)

0.76

Time seated, hours/day

4.3 (3.2)

4.5 (3.8)

4.1 (2.9)

0.34

Smoking status, %

 Never smoker

66.4

54.8

72.4

0.002

 Former smoker

15.2

22.2

11.5

 

 Current smoker

18.4

23.0

16.1

 

Alcohol consumption, %

 Non-drinker

50.8

37.8

57.6

< 0.0001

 Former drinker

22.4

35.4

15.6

 

 Current drinker

26.8

26.8

26.8

 

Yearly influenza vaccination, %

25.7

25.6

25.7

0.59

Self-rated health, %

 Excellent/Very good

24.5

26.9

23.3

0.40

 Good

35.4

37.7

34.1

 

 Fair/Poor

40.1

35.4

42.6

 

Self-rated diet quality, %

 Excellent/Very good

30.6

28.2

31.9

0.31

 Good

33.8

35.1

33.1

 

 Fair/Poor

35.6

36.6

35.1

 

Source of health information, %

 Physician

79.2

80.9

78.3

0.55

 Health professional

62.0

63.1

61.5

0.77

 Newspapers/magazines

60.7

56.5

62.9

0.22

 TV/Radio

63.7

59.5

65.9

0.22

 Internet

55.2

46.6

59.7

0.01

 Friends/family

51.7

50.4

52.4

0.71

Trust this source, %

 Physician

91.7

93.1

91.0

0.48

 Health professional

77.9

79.4

77.1

0.62

 Newspapers/magazines

52.7

52.7

52.6

0.99

 TV/Radio

47.5

45.0

48.8

0.49

 Internet

46.7

39.2

50.6

0.04

 Friends/family

46.0

44.5

46.7

0.69

Perceived stress scored

21.7 (7.7)

21.5 (8.0)

21.8 (7.5)

0.71

Depressive symptoms scored

17.6 (12.6)

16.4 (11.9)

18.3 (12.9)

0.19

 % with depressive symptomse

52.6

51.3

53.2

0.74

Social support scored

24.7 (7.1)

24.0 (7.6)

25.0 (6.8)

0.19

 Appraisal

8.4 (2.8)

8.2 (2.9)

8.5 (2.7)

0.22

 Belonging

8.2 (2.8)

8.1 (2.9)

8.2 (2.7)

0.64

 Tangible

8.0 (2.6)

7.8 (2.7)

8.2 (2.5)

0.19

Diabetes emotional support scoref

14.1 (7.5)

14.5 (7.7)

13.9 (7.4)

0.71

  1. Shown as mean (standard deviation) or percent, as assessed from a cross-sectional convenience sample of 380 adults aged 30-75y recruited in 2015 from primary care clinics in the San Juan, Puerto Rico metropolitan area
  2. an = 316; Abdominal obesity defined as waist circumference ≥ 102 cm men or ≥ 88 cm women according to U.S. guidelines, or ≥ 94 cm men or ≥ 80 cm women according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. High waist-to-hip ratio defined as > 0.90 men; > 0.85 women
  3. bClassified from self-reported weight and height as underweight (15.0–18.4 kg/m2), recommended weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), or obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2)
  4. cSedentary physical activity defined as a score < 30, light activity as 30 to < 40, and moderate/vigorous activity as ≥40, as captured using a modified Paffenbarger questionnaire
  5. dFor all scores, higher values of the score are indicative of higher psychosocial marker. Possible ranges are 0–56 for perceives stress score, 0–60 for depressive symptoms (measured with Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale), 0–36 for social support (measured with12-item Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-12)
  6. eDepressive symptomatology defined as a score ≥ 16 in the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale
  7. fDiabetes Social Support Questionnaire-Family asked only to those who reported diabetes diagnosis (n = 78). Possible range is 0–25; higher score indicates higher diabetes support
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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