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Table 3 Adjusteda beta coefficients of educational attainment indicators for micronutrient deficiencies and anemia

From: Education and micronutrient deficiencies: an ecological study exploring interactions between women’s schooling and children’s micronutrient status

  

Average years of school among women

Percentage of no schooling among women

n

Beta (SE)

p value

Model ra

p value

Beta (SE)

p value

Model ra

p value

Outcome

 Anemia among children (2012)b

141

−2.3 (0.43)

< 0.001

0.75

< 0.001

0.3 (0.05)

< 0.001

0.77

< 0.001

 Anemia among non-pregnant women (2012)

141

−1.7 (0.35)

< 0.001

0.46

< 0.001

0.3 (0.04)

< 0.001

0.56

< 0.001

 VAD among children (2013)

93

−1.9 (0.75)

0.02

0.58

< 0.001

0.3 (0.08)

0.002

0.6

< 0.001

 Zinc deficiency in the population (2005)

139

−0.8 (0.37)

0.03

0.39

< 0.001

0.1 (0.04)

0.04

0.39

< 0.001

 Median UIE of the population (2012)

127

−3.0 (4.10)

0.47

0.03

0.24

1.4 (0.50)

0.004

0.09

0.008

 Percent of infants protected against iodine deficiency (2012)

94

−3.1 (1.58)

0.05

0.07

0.08

0.5 (0.17)

0.002

0.13

0.006

  

Average years of school among men

Percentage of no schooling among men

 

n

Beta (SE)

p value

Model rb

p value

Beta (SE)

p value

Model rb

p value

Outcome

 Anemia among children (2012)

141

−2.1 (0.46)

< 0.001

0.74

< 0.001

0.4 (0.07)c

< 0.001

0.76

< 0.001

 Anemia among non-pregnant women (2012)

141

−1.2 (0.39)

< 0.001

0.41

< 0.001

0.4 (0.04)c

< 0.001

0.56

< 0.001

 VAD among children (2013)

93

−1.9 (0.86)

0.03

0.58

< 0.001

0.4 (0.10)c

< 0.001

0.61

< 0.001

 Zinc deficiency in the population (2005)

139

−1.0 (0.40)

0.02

0.4

< 0.001

0.1 (0.05)c

0.01

0.4

< 0.001

 Median UIE of the population (2012)

127

−1.1 (4.34)

0.8

0.03

0.29

1.6 (0.66)

0.02

0.07

0.02

 Percent of infants protected against iodine deficiency (2012)

94

−1.6 (1.80)

0.39

0.04

0.31

0.5 (0.24)

0.04

0.07

0.07

  1. a All models adjusted for gross national income per capita
  2. b Year of outcome data
  3. c Significantly different from corresponding model with women’s educational attainment
  4. SE standard error, VAD vitamin A deficiency, UIE urinary iodine excretion