Fig. 1

Standardized path coefficient estimates for mediational model of affect towards cigarettes, risk perceptions, smoking status (n = 5389). Note: Ovals denote latent factors and rectangles denote observed variables in the model. For visual clarity, only the structural model is shown; the measurement model for the latent factors is not shown. Path coefficient estimates were standardized on the variances of the latent factors only. All estimates are statistically significant (p < 0.001). Confidence intervals (95%) are shown in parentheses. Referent group for smoking status was current smokers