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Table 2 Articles Included in Literature Review, 2000–2016

From: School practices to promote social distancing in K-12 schools: review of influenza pandemic policies and practices

Article

Article Type

Location

School Practice(s)

Agent-Based Simulation Model

 Ridenhour [20]

Peer-reviewed

N/A

Hall restriction: Defined walking area between classrooms, lunchroom, and schoolyard (e.g., right-hand side of any hall); classroom restriction: Must remain seated while in class; schoolyard restriction: Must stay in a randomly specified schoolyard area (may or may not be classroom-specific); lunchroom restriction: Must only eat with classmates; different schedules/each classroom follows one of three schedules (current schedule, a shift of 45 min, a shift of 90 min)

 Adalja [31]

Peer-reviewed

N/A

Segregating small clusters of children to different parts of the rooma; lunch in classrooms/no congregating for luncha; cancel gym classa

 Fumanelli [32]

Peer-reviewed

N/A

Class or grade closure (in contrast to full school closure)a

 Gemmetto [33]

Peer-reviewed

N/A

Class closure; grade closure

 Lofgren [34]

Peer-reviewed

N/A

Closure of playground/common areas

 Cooley [35]

Peer-reviewed

N/A

Shorter school week: 4 days instead of 5

Commentary/ Newsletter/Magazine Article

 McGiboney [13]

Commentary

DeKalb County, Georgia

Cancel fieldtrips; cancel afterschool activities; distance learning (e.g., cable channel lesson plans, study packets, online lessons)

 Education Digest [36]

Newsletter/ Magazine

National

Move desks apart; cancel classes that bring together children from different classrooms

 Ash [14]

Newsletter/ Magazine

National

Distance learning

Surveys of Practices during 2009 H1N1 Pandemic

 Miller [16]

Peer-reviewed

Pennsylvania

Cancel activities

 Nasrullah [17]

Peer-reviewed

Georgia

Cancel or postpone activities

 Rebmann [18]

Peer-reviewed

26 states

Discourage face-to-face meetings in schools

 Shi [15]

Peer-reviewed

Michigan

Rearrange classroom to keep students further apart

Cancel or postpone school activities such as field trips, school performances, practices, and games

 Dooyema [19]

Peer-reviewed

Michigan

Move desks apart; cancel or postpone fieldtrips, performances, practices, after-school programs; divide classes into smaller groups; hold class outdoors (0%); move classes into larger spaces; crowd-reducing methods of transportation (e.g., no busing)

Epidemiologic Study

 Stehlé [37]

Peer-reviewed

Francea,b

Class closurea, altered schedules to prevent mixinga

 Sugisaki [38]

Peer-reviewed

Japanc

Grade closure; class closure; later start to school day; cancel activities

  1. a Interventions not tested as described. Discussed in discussion section
  2. b Data collection on face-to-face interactions
  3. c Analysis of school closure data