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Table 2 Summary of simple and multiple logistical regression analysis of the influence of knowledge of health insurance, workplace and personal characteristics on lack of access to health care

From: The association between insured male expatriates’ knowledge of health insurance benefits and lack of access to health care in Saudi Arabia

 

CRUDE ODDS RATIO

ADJUSTED ODDS RATIO

The main parameters

Odds ratio

95% of confidence interval

Odds Ratio

95% of confidence interval

Position in your company

Unskilled usually with no education

Reference

Reference

 Specialist with university education

0.7032*

(.527–.938)

1.343

(.830–2.174)

 Professional with education level higher than high school

0.5619*

(.385–.819)

0.822

(.515–1.312)

 Technical with high school education

0.8028

(.571–1.130)

1.02

(.638–1.631)

 Manual laborer with less than high school education

0.9594

(.747–1.233)

0.988

(.723–1.348)

Length of working in Saudi Arabia

Less than one year

Reference

Reference

 One year but less than three years

0.6147*

(.433–.873)

1.163

(.740–1.827)

 Three years but less than five years

0.3561*

(.251–.505)

1.151

(.728–1.821)

 Five to ten years

0.1728*

(.124–.241)

0.911

(.570–1.454)

 More than ten years

0.3688*

(.254–.535)

1.018

(.605–1.713)

How many employees are there in your company?

 < 50

Reference

Reference

 > = 50

0.3012*

(.244–.372)

0.455*

(.343–.603)

What kind of business/industry does your company do?

Other

Reference

Reference

 Industrial

0.7178*

(.516–.998)

1.209

(.791–1.849)

 Construction

0.2995*

(.230–.390)

0.915

(.639–1.308)

 Trade

0.6808*

(.532–.872)

0.87

(.616–1.228)

What is your usual monthly income including all allowances?

Less than 2000 S.R.

Reference

Reference

 Between 2001 – 4500 S.R.

0.8208

(.821–1.016)

0.903

(.656–1.243)

 Between 4501 – 6000 S.R.

0.5192*

(.371–.727)

0.724

(.446–1.175)

 Between 7501 – 9000 S.R.

0.3632*

(.188–.701)

0.818

(.359–1.863)

Age Group

56 years old and above

Reference

Reference

 18 to 30

1.1716

(.580–2.368)

0.533

(.234–1.215)

 31 to 45

0.7075

(.353–1.420)

0.463

(.210–1.024)

 46 to 55

0.5071

(.231–1.114)

0.516

(.213–1.251)

Nationality

Asian

Reference

Reference

 Arabs

1.901*

(1.525–2.369)

1.993

(.460–8.643)

 Others

1.087

(.130–9.061)

1.117

(.071–17.533)

Highest Educational Attainment

Illiterate

Reference

Reference

 Elementary

0.5914*

(.354–.988)

1.056

(.552–2.021)

 High School

0.6095

(.353–1.054)

0.914

(.447–1.869)

 High Education (Diploma & above)

0.4358*

(.258–.735)

1.043

(.498–2.186)

Marital Status

 Single

    

 Married

1.111

(.837–1.475)

1.247

(.883–1.761)

 Divorced/widow/widower

1.933

(.685–5.456)

1.390

(.298–6.476)

What is your native language?

Arabic

Reference

Reference

 Urdu

0.6411*

(.490–.838)

3.628

(.848–15.513)

 Hindi

0.5392*

(.403–.722)

3.083

(.713–13.335)

 Malayalam

0.5582*

(.319–.978)

2.558

(.556–11.767)

 Bengali

0.5597*

(.380–.825)

4.166

(.932–18.627)

 Tagalog

0.2658*

(.159–.445)

2.324

(.484–11.155)

 Others

0.6178*

(.428–.891)

2.29

(.516–10.152)

Are you comfortable conversing in English?

 No

Reference

Reference

 Yes

0.8006*

(.658–.974)

0.862

(.644–1.154)

Are you comfortable conversing in Arabic?

 No

Reference

Reference

 Yes

0.3170*

(.255–.393)

0.471*

(.340–.652)

Health Status

Fair and poor

Reference

Reference

 Excellent and very good

0.1460*

(.095–.224)

0.241*

(.141–.411)

 Good

0.3919*

(.243–.631)

0.438*

(.245–.783)

Previous Knowledge

 No

Reference

Reference

 Yes

0.712*

(.584–0.868)

0.903

(.686–1.189)

Perceived Knowledge

0.33*

(.298–.366)

0.393*

(.335–.461)

Validated Knowledge

0.44*

(.379–.511)

0.911

(.774–1.073)

  1. *p-value is significant at < 0.05