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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and risk factors for hypertension in participants by level of alcohol dependence

From: The prevalence of alcohol dependence and its association with hypertension: a population-based cross-sectional study4 in Xuzhou city, China

Variables

Number

Non-drinkers (%)

Levels of alcohol dependence (%)

χ2

P value

Non-dependence

Low

Light

Mediuma

Gender

 Male

17,501

12,903(73.73)

744(4.25)

1244(7.11)

1969(11.25)

641(3.66)

4412.82

< 0.01

 Female

18,656

18,255(97.85)

77(0.41)

111(0.59)

175(0.94)

38(0.20)

Age

 18~

4619

4262(92.27)

72(1.56)

97(2.10)

150(3.25)

38(0.82)

315.72

< 0.01

 25~

6485

5630(86.82)

158(2.44)

238(3.67)

373(5.75)

86(1.33)

 35~

7579

6393(84.35)

204(2.96)

346(4.57)

455(6.00)

181(2.39)

 45~

6373

5324(83.54)

162(2.54)

267(4.19)

449(7.05)

171(2.68)

 55~

6154

5189(84.32)

112(1.82)

284(4.61)

430(6.99)

139(2.26)

 65~

3202

2789(87.10)

79(2.47)

87(2.72)

198(6.18)

49(1.53)

 75~

1745

1571(90.03)

34(1.95)

36(2.06)

89(5.10)

15(0.86)

Area

 Urban

9390

8070(85.94)

285(3.04)

405(4.31)

502(5.35)

128(1.36)

68.74

< 0.01

 Country

26,767

23,088(86.26)

536(2.00)

950(3.55)

1642(6.13)

551(2.06)

Marital status

 Single

4076

3772(92.54)

58(1.42)

79(1.94)

126(3.09)

41(1.01)

265.46

< 0.01

 Widowed

1933

1768(91.46)

22(1.14)

41(2.12)

75(3.88)

27(1.40)

 Married

30,026

25,505(84.84)

741(2.47)

1231(4.10)

1940(6.46)

609(2.03)

 Others

107

98(91.59)

0

4(3.74)

3(2.80)

2(1.87)

Level of education

 Primary school or below

12,666

11,295(89.18)

182(1.44)

355(2.80)

644(5.08)

190(1.50)

187.89

< 0.01

 Middle school

13,516

11,356(84.02)

349(2.58)

597(4.42)

905(6.70)

309(2.29)

 High school

6134

5200(84.77)

178(2.90)

252(4.11)

389(6.34)

115(1.87)

 College or above

3832

3298(86.06)

112(2.92)

151(3.94)

206(5.38)

65(1.70)

Physical activity

 Lack

2884

2486(86.20)

63(2.18)

107(3.71)

156(5.41)

72(2.50)

30.63

< 0.01

 Low

13,912

11,900(85.54)

349(2.51)

550(3.95)

797(5.73)

316(2.27)

 Medium

7444

6377(85.67)

196(2.63)

286(3.84)

449(6.03)

136(1.83)

 Heavy

522

423(81.03)

10(1.92)

24(4.60)

54(10.34)

11(2.11)

Average monthly income

  < 350

2087

1838(88.07)

33(1.58)

68(3.26)

117(5.61)

31(1.49)

71.7

< 0.01

 350~

8070

7042(87.26)

133(1.65)

261(3.23)

489(6.06)

145(1.80)

 700~

6338

5506(86.87)

123(1.94)

228(3.60)

358(5.65)

123(1.94)

 1000~

14,477

12,307(85.01)

391(2.70)

618(4.27)

885(6.11)

276(1.91)

 2000~

3493

3028(86.69)

94(2.69)

124(3.55)

182(5.21)

65(1.86)

 3000~

1657

1408(84.97)

45(2.72)

56(3.38)

109(6.58)

39(2.35)

Smoking

 Often

4949

2397(48.43)

352(7.11)

663(13.40)

1119(22.61)

418(8.45)

9030.09

< 0.01

 On occasion

1863

1130(60.65)

121(6.49)

197(10.57)

325(17.44)

90(4.83)

 Quit

262

137(52.29)

23(8.78)

27(10.31)

63(24.05)

12(4.58)

 No smoking

29,076

27,488(94.54)

324(1.11)

468(1.61)

637(2.19)

159(0.55)

BMIb

 Underweight

1060

983(92.74)

9(0.85)

19(1.79)

36(3.40)

13(1.23)

244.94

< 0.01

 Normal

20,316

17,913(88.17)

415(2.04)

662(3.26)

1009(4.97)

317(1.56)

 Overweight

11,806

9792(82.94)

316(2.68)

532(4.51)

893(7.56)

273(2.31)

 Obese

2800

2318(82.79)

77(2.75)

137(4.89)

194(6.93))

74(2.64)

  1. Caution: aTwenty-five participants were considered to have heavy alcohol dependence, but were classified as having medium alcohol dependence owing to the relatively small sample size. bBMI body mass index