Table 1 Background characteristics of study participants according to blood glucose regulation status
All sample | Glucose regulation status | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Have diabetes | Have AGRa | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | |
Age groups | ||||||||
25–34 years | 1943 | 40.7 | 1817 | 93.4 | 80 | 4.5 (3.5–5.8) | 126 | 6.6(5.4–8.0) |
35–44 years | 1124 | 27.9 | 1018 | 91.0 | 69 | 5.8(4.4–7.5) | 106 | 9.0(7.2–11.1) |
45–54 years | 819 | 19.4 | 736 | 89.5 | 50 | 6.9(5.0–9.5) | 83 | 10.5(8.2–13.4) |
55–65 years | 531 | 12.0 | 466 | 85.2 | 43 | 8.7(6.2–12.2) | 65 | 14.8(11.3–19.1) |
Gender | ||||||||
Male | 2199 | 47.3 | 2006 | 90.3 | 128 | 6.3(5.1–7.7) | 193 | 9.7(8.2–11.4) |
Female | 2218 | 52.7 | 2031 | 91.7 | 114 | 5.4(4.4–6.7) | 187 | 8.3(7.1–9.8) |
Education | ||||||||
None | 3418 | 77.5 | 3136 | 91.4 | 173 | 5.3(4.5–6.3) | 282 | 8.6(7.5–9.8) |
Primary | 680 | 15.1 | 618 | 90.4 | 46 | 7.6(5.4–10.6) | 62 | 9.6(7.2–12.8) |
Secondary | 212 | 5.1 | 187 | 87.4 | 16 | 7.9(4.5–13.4) | 25 | 12.6(7.9–19.5) |
Tertiary | 99 | 2.3 | 88 | 90.4 | 7 | 7.1(3.2–15.1) | 11 | 9.6(5.0–17.6) |
Residence | ||||||||
Urban | 963 | 27.2 | 860 | 88.9 | 72 | 8.0(6.1–9.4) | 103 | 11.1(8.9–13.9) |
Rural | 3454 | 72.8 | 3177 | 91.8 | 170 | 5.0(4.2–6.0) | 277 | 8.1(7.2–9.3) |
Marital Status | ||||||||
Single | 318 | 6.9 | 295 | 93.6 | 14 | 4.6(2.5–8.2) | 23 | 6.4(4.0–10.1) |
Married | 3793 | 87.0 | 3466 | 91.1 | 215 | 6.0(5.1–7.0) | 327 | 8.9(7.9–10.1) |
Divorced/Widow | 301 | 6.1 | 271 | 87.1 | 13 | 5.0(2.7–9.1) | 30 | 12.9(8.6–18.9) |
Smoking Status | ||||||||
Never | 2147 | 49.2 | 1981 | 92.6 | 97 | 4.4(3.5–5.5) | 166 | 7.4(6.2–8.8) |
Current Smoker | 901 | 19.6 | 825 | 90.6 | 50 | 6.0(4.4–8.2) | 76 | 9.4(7.3–12.2) |
Former Smoker | 141 | 2.8 | 118 | 83.5 | 15 | 10.6(6.0–18.1) | 23 | 16.5(10.6–24.7) |
Second Hand Smoking | 1227 | 28.4 | 1112 | 89.4 | 80 | 7.7(6.0–10.0) | 115 | 10.6(8.7–13.0) |
History of diabetes | ||||||||
No | 3484 | 79.3 | 3175 | 90.5 | 199 | 6.2(5.3–7.2) | 309 | 9.5(8.3–10.8) |
Yes | 204 | 4.8 | 190 | 93.8 | 11 | 4.7(2.3–9.2) | 14 | 6.2(3.4–11.2) |
Don’t know | 729 | 15.9 | 672 | 92.7 | 32 | 4.5(3.0–6.6) | 57 | 7.3(5.5–9.8) |
HBP | ||||||||
No | 3568 | 80.1 | 3302 | 92.1 | 170 | 5.3(4.4–6.3) | 266 | 7.9(6.9–9.1) |
Yes | 849 | 19.9 | 735 | 86.8 | 72 | 8.2(6.3–10.5) | 114 | 13.2(10.7–16.2) |
Daily frut intake | ||||||||
< 5 Portions | 4208 | 96.4 | 3867 | 91.7 | 221 | 5.4(4.6–6.3) | 341 | 8.3(7.4–9.4) |
> =5 Portions | 160 | 3.6 | 127 | 74.5 | 18 | 16.3(9.5–26.5) | 33 | 25.5(17.3–35.8) |
Waist circumference | ||||||||
Normal | 3773 | 83.8 | 3474 | 91.5 | 188 | 5.4(4.5–6.3) | 299 | 8.5(7.5–9.7) |
Elevated | 640 | 16.2 | 560 | 88.7 | 53 | 8.1(6.0–11.0) | 80 | 11.3(8.9–14.4) |
BMI | ||||||||
18.5–25 | 3135 | 69.5 | 2898 | 92.2 | 149 | 4.8(4.0–5.8) | 237 | 7.8(6.7–9.0) |
< 18.5 | 498 | 11.9 | 449 | 88.5 | 27 | 6.5(4.1–10.2) | 49 | 11.5(8.3–15.7) |
> 25–29.9 | 580 | 13.7 | 517 | 89.9 | 42 | 7.0(5.0–9.7) | 63 | 10.1(7.6–13.3) |
> =30 | 192 | 4.9 | 163 | 83.2 | 23 | 15.1(9.5–23.0) | 29 | 16.8(11.1–24.7) |
Total cholesterol | ||||||||
Normal | 4291 | 97.1 | 3937 | 91.4 | 224 | 5.5(4.8–6.5) | 354 | 8.6(7.6–9.6) |
Elevated | 124 | 2.9 | 98 | 76.6 | 18 | 15.5(9.3–24.7) | 26 | 23.4(15.2–34.2) |
Physical activity | ||||||||
Low | 648 | 18.1 | 581 | 89.0 | 49 | 8.2(6.0–11.2) | 67 | 11.0(8.4–14.2) |
Moderate | 1045 | 27.5 | 957 | 91.7 | 58 | 5.8(4.3–7.8) | 88 | 8.3(6.5–10.5) |
High | 2146 | 54.4 | 1958 | 90.7 | 114 | 5.6(4.5–6.9) | 188 | 9.3(7.9–11.0) |
Alcohol use | ||||||||
Never | 3036 | 68.7 | 2797 | 92.0 | 153 | 5.4(4.5–6.5) | 239 | 8.0(6.9–9.3) |
Every Day | 291 | 6.6 | 264 | 88.5 | 17 | 6.0(3.6–10.0) | 27 | 11.5(7.4–17.3) |
3–6 Times per Week | 322 | 7.2 | 284 | 89.1 | 24 | 6.4(4.1–10.0) | 38 | 10.9(7.6–15.5) |
1–2 Times per Week | 388 | 9.0 | 350 | 90.8 | 24 | 6.1(3.7–9.8) | 38 | 9.2(6.3–13.2) |
< 1 Day Per Week | 375 | 8.5 | 337 | 86.9 | 24 | 8.2(5.1–13.0) | 38 | 13.1(9.1–18.3) |
Standardized prevalence (using WHO world standard population) | 6.1(5.4–6.9) | 9.6(8.7–10.5) | ||||||