Table 1 Description of the study sample; prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in subgroups of the independent variables
Independent variable | CVD positive | CVD negative | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Gender | ||||||
 Female | 90 | 18.4 | 399 | 81.6 | 489 | 31.2 |
 Male | 178 | 16.5 | 898 | 83.5 | 1076 | 68.8 |
Age | ||||||
  ≤ 54 years | 15 | 2.2 | 677 | 97.8 | 692 | 44.2 |
  ≥ 55 years | 253 | 29.0 | 620 | 71.0 | 873 | 55.8 |
Education | ||||||
 9-years basic and unfinished basic education | 58 | 27.2 | 155 | 72.8 | 213 | 13.7 |
 General or vocational secondary and unfinished secondary education | 147 | 16.5 | 746 | 83.5 | 893 | 57.5 |
 Higher and unfinished higher education | 61 | 13.6 | 387 | 86.4 | 448 | 28.8 |
Employment status | ||||||
 Economically inactive | 208 | 31.5 | 452 | 68.5 | 660 | 42.4 |
 Unemployed | 5 | 5.7 | 83 | 94.3 | 88 | 5.7 |
 Employed | 54 | 6.7 | 754 | 93.3 | 808 | 51.9 |
Place of residence | ||||||
Riga | 111 | 35.7 | 200 | 64.3 | 311 | 19.9 |
Other city | 121 | 16.2 | 627 | 83.8 | 748 | 47.8 |
Rural | 36 | 7.1 | 470 | 92.9 | 506 | 32.3 |
Positive family history of premature cardiovascular disease (< 55 years in men and < 65 years in women) | ||||||
 Unknown | 16 | 24.2 | 50 | 75.8 | 66 | 4.2 |
 Yes | 96 | 16.2 | 497 | 83.8 | 593 | 38.1 |
 No | 155 | 17.3 | 743 | 82.7 | 898 | 57.7 |
Smoking status | ||||||
 Ever smoked | 79 | 14.5 | 465 | 85.5 | 544 | 35.0 |
 Never smoked | 188 | 18.6 | 824 | 81.4 | 1012 | 65.0 |
Alcohol use, episodes of heavy drinking in last 12Â months (5 or more doses of alcohol at once) | ||||||
 Yes | 23 | 9.0 | 232 | 91.0 | 225 | 16.4 |
 No | 244 | 18.7 | 1058 | 81.3 | 1302 | 83.6 |
Consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits ≥ 200 g per day (2–3 servings) | ||||||
 Yes | 187 | 16.2 | 968 | 83.8 | 1155 | 74.2 |
 No | 80 | 19.9 | 322 | 80.1 | 402 | 25.8 |
Consumption of fish ≥ 2 times per week, one of which to be oily fish | ||||||
 Yes | 108 | 17.6 | 505 | 82.4 | 613 | 39.4 |
 No | 159 | 16.8 | 785 | 83.2 | 944 | 60.6 |
Sedentary lifestyle (30Â min. of moderate physical activity) | ||||||
 Unable to perform | 50 | 29.1 | 122 | 70.9 | 172 | 11.1 |
 1 time a week or less | 94 | 13.9 | 580 | 86.1 | 674 | 43.5 |
 2–3 times a week | 34 | 16.4 | 173 | 83.6 | 207 | 13.4 |
 4–6 times a week | 20 | 11.2 | 158 | 88.8 | 178 | 11.5 |
 Every day | 68 | 21.3 | 251 | 78.7 | 319 | 20.5 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||||
  ≤ 24.99 (normal + underweight) | 62 | 13.0 | 415 | 87.0 | 477 | 30.8 |
  ≥ 25.00 (overweight + obese) | 203 | 19.0 | 868 | 81.0 | 1071 | 69.2 |
Diabetes mellitus | ||||||
 Yes | 42 | 29.6 | 100 | 70.4 | 142 | 9.1 |
 No | 226 | 15.9 | 1197 | 84.1 | 1423 | 90.9 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/l | ||||||
  < 5 (normal) | 133 | 22.0 | 471 | 78.0 | 604 | 39.2 |
 5+ (increased) | 131 | 14.0 | 807 | 86.0 | 938 | 60.8 |
Systolic hypertension, mm Hg | ||||||
  < 140 (below) | 134 | 15.1 | 755 | 84.9 | 889 | 57.4 |
 140+ (hypertension) | 131 | 19.9 | 528 | 80.1 | 659 | 42.6 |
Diastolic hypertension, mm Hg | ||||||
  < 90 (below) | 196 | 18.4 | 870 | 81.6 | 1066 | 68.9 |
 90+ (hypertension) | 69 | 14.3 | 413 | 85.7 | 482 | 31.1 |
Anxiety (MINI, any anxiety disorder) | ||||||
 Yes | 37 | 15.9 | 196 | 84.1 | 233 | 16.1 |
 No | 209 | 17.2 | 1007 | 82.8 | 1216 | 83.9 |
Anxiety (GAD-7) | ||||||
 Yes | 30 | 19.2 | 126 | 80.8 | 156 | 10.1 |
 No | 234 | 16.8 | 1156 | 83.2 | 1390 | 89.9 |
Agoraphobia (MINI) | ||||||
 Yes | 19 | 16.2 | 98 | 83.8 | 117 | 8.1 |
 No | 227 | 17.0 | 1105 | 83.0 | 1332 | 91.9 |
Generalized anxiety disorder (MINI) | ||||||
 Yes | 16 | 18.0 | 73 | 82.0 | 89 | 6.1 |
 No | 230 | 16.9 | 1130 | 83.1 | 1360 | 93.9 |
Panic disorder (MINI) | ||||||
 Yes | 1 | 9.1 | 10 | 90.9 | 11 | 0.8 |
 No | 245 | 17.0 | 1193 | 83.0 | 1438 | 99.2 |
Depression (PHQ-9) | ||||||
 Yes | 58 | 25.4 | 170 | 74.6 | 228 | 14.7 |
 No | 206 | 15.6 | 1112 | 84.4 | 1318 | 85.3 |
Current depression (MINI) | ||||||
 Yes | 34 | 22.8 | 115 | 77.2 | 149 | 10.3 |
 No | 212 | 16.3 | 1088 | 83.7 | 1300 | 89.7 |
Lifetime depression (MINI) | ||||||
 Yes | 80 | 19.7 | 327 | 80.3 | 407 | 28.1 |
 No | 166 | 15.9 | 876 | 84.1 | 1042 | 71.9 |
Antihypertensive medications | ||||||
 Yes | 226 | 29.4 | 542 | 70.6 | 768 | 49.1 |
 No | 42 | 5.3 | 755 | 94.7 | 797 | 50.9 |
Cholesterol lowering medications | ||||||
 Yes | 117 | 49.2 | 121 | 50.8 | 238 | 15.2 |
 No | 151 | 11.4 | 1176 | 88.6 | 1327 | 84.8 |
Antidepressants | ||||||
 Yes | 10 | 21.3 | 37 | 78.7 | 47 | 3.0 |
 No | 258 | 17.0 | 1260 | 83.0 | 1518 | 97.0 |