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Table 1 Sample basic characteristics according to the categorized cigarette smoking status

From: Smoking, leisure-time exercise and frequency of self-reported common cold among the general population in northeastern China: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Sample

(n = 1413)

Cigarette smoking categories

Non-smokers

(n = 641)

Passive smokers (n = 476)

Past smokers

(n = 82)

Light current smokers

(n = 113)

Heavy current smokers (n = 101)

Gender, n (%)**

 Male

627(44.4)

185(28.9)

155(32.6)

78(95.1)â–³

108(95.6)â–³

101(100.0)â–³

Age, y**

38.92 ± 9.04

38.07 ± 8.83

38.63 ± 9.32

43.95 ± 8.0△

38.81 ± 8.81

41.75 ± 8.36△

Ethnicity, n (%)

 Han

1293(91.5)

591(92.2)

426(89.5)

75(91.5)

107(94.7)

94(93.1)

Education levels, n (%)*

 Senior school or less

83(5.9)

33(5.1)

23(4.8)

11(13.4)

8(7.1)

8(7.9)

 Junior college

326(23.1)

137(21.4)

113(23.7)

23(28.0)

24(21.2)

29(28.7)

 Bachelor degree

799(56.5)

365(56.9)

270(56.7)

42(51.2)

64(56.6)

58(57.4)

 Master degree or greater

205(14.5)

106(16.5)

70(14.7)

6(7.3)â–³

17(15.0)

6(5.9)

BMI**

23.90 ± 5.36

23.70 ± 6.89

23.20 ± 3.52

25.90 ± 3.2△

25.60 ± 3.21△

25.40 ± 3.26△

Frequency of drinking (days/week), n (%)**

 0

859(60.8)

481(75.0)

293(61.6)

26(31.7)

24(21.2)

35(34.7)

 1–2

468(33.1)

143(22.3)

165(34.7)

47(57.3)

69(61.1)

44(43.6)

  ≥ 3

86(6.1)

17(2.7)

18(3.8)â–³

9(11.0)â–³

20(17.7)â–³

22(21.8)â–³

Sleep duration, n (%)**

  < 7 hours

402(28.5)

168(26.2)

130(27.3)

22(26.8)

52(46.0)

30(29.7)

 7–8 hours

561(39.7)

243(37.9)

195(41.0)

37(45.1)

38(33.6)

48(47.5)

  ≥ 8 hours

450(31.8)

230(35.9)

151(31.7)

23(28.0)

23(20.4)â–³

23(22.8)

SRSS, n (%)

  ≥ 23

594(42.0)

257(40.1)

215(45.2)

25(30.5)

52(46.0)

45(44.6)

Self-rated health, n (%)

 Poor

168(11.9)

67(10.5)

61(12.8)

7(8.5)

15(13.3)

18(17.8)

 Fair

718(50.8)

317(49.5)

244(51.3)

45(54.9)

66(58.4)

46(45.5)

 Good

527(37.3)

257(40.1)

171(35.9)

30(36.6)

32(28.3)

37(36.6)

Self-perceived life stress, n (%)**

 Low

217(15.4)

108(16.8)

69(14.5)

14(17.1)

12(10.6)

14(13.9)

 Fair

751(53.1)

370(57.7)

243(51.1)

43(52.4)

49(43.4)

46(45.5)

 High

445(31.5)

163(25.4)

164(34.5)â–³

25(30.5)

52(46.0)â–³

41(40.6)â–³

Self-perceived work stress, n (%)*

 Low

165(11.7)

76(11.9)

56(11.8)

12(14.6)

12(10.6)

9(8.9)

 Fair

615(43.5)

306(47.7)

183(38.4)

40(48.8)

42(37.2)

44(43.6)

 High

633(44.8)

259(40.4)

237(49.8)â–³

30(36.6)

59(52.2)

48(47.5)

SAS, n (%)*

  ≥ 50

219(15.5)

87(13.6)

89(18.7)

7(8.5)

15(13.3)

21(20.8)

SDS, n (%)*

  ≥ 50

561(39.7)

236(36.8)

200(42.0)

28(34.1)

45(39.8)

52(51.5)â–³

NE**

3.78(3.10, 4.56)

3.70(3.07, 4.49)

3.73(3.00, 4.47)

3.56(3.09, 4.33)

3.94(3.22, 4.69)

4.78(3.84, 5.76)â–³

MO**

0.29(0.21, 0.39)

0.28(0.21, 0.37)

0.29(0.22, 0.39)

0.30(0.21, 0.39)

0.30(0.21, 0.42)

0.42(0.28, 0.51)â–³

LY**

2.15(1.83, 2.54)

2.13(1.81, 2.52)

2.10(1.77, 2.43)

2.14(1.80, 2.50)

2.25(1.97, 2.77)â–³

2.47(2.10, 2.87)â–³

  1. Values are shown as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) for continuous data and number and proportions for categorical data
  2. P-values were calculated by analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis H tests for continuous variables and χ2-tests for categorical variables
  3. Superscript numbers denote statistically significant post hoc tests: △≤ 0.05/4 for the difference between current, past, passive smokers and non-smokers. Current, past and passive smokers were compared with non-smokers
  4. *Statistical significance: P < 0.05
  5. **Statistical significance: P < 0.001