The value of facial attractiveness for encouraging fruit and vegetable consumption: analyses from a randomized controlled trial

Table 5 Standardized coefficients for all regression models investigating ratings of all facial attributes before and after 2 vs 5 vs 8 portions/day FV consumption over the past 4 weeks in female facial images *

	FV consumption – attractiveness¹
	β		95% CI		p.
FV consumption	0.15		−0.20, 0.49		0.39
	FV consumption – Mediating variables²			Mediating variables – Attractiveness³
	β	95% CI	p.	β	95% CI	p.
Skin yellowness	0.93	0.48, 1.39	< 0.01	0.08	0.02, 0.13	0.01
Skin yellowness squared	73.4	33.3, 113.4	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01, < 0.01	0.03
Skin redness	−0.74	−1.13, − 0.36	< 0.01	0.05	− 0.01, 0.11	0.08
Skin redness squared	−57.0	−90.1, −24.0	< 0.01	< 0.01	- < 0.01, < 0.01	0.21
Skin healthiness	0.23	−0.16, 0.61	0.25	0.27	0.21, 0.33	< 0.01
Skin healthiness squared	0.53	−37.0, 38.1	0.98	< 0.01	< 0.01, < 0.01	< 0.01
Skin clarity	0.09	−0.36, 0.53	0.69	0.19	0.14, 0.24	< 0.01
Skin clarity squared	−39.4	−84.7, 5.68	0.09	< 0.01	< 0.01, < 0.01	< 0.01
Facial symmetry	−0.56	−0.93, − 0.19	< 0.01	0.19	0.13, 0.25	< 0.01
Facial symmetry squared	−66.7	−103.2, −30.2	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01, < 0.01	< 0.01
	FV consumption – attractiveness including mediators⁴
	β		95% CI		p.
FV consumption	0.16		−0.20, 0.52		0.38
Skin yellowness	0.24		0.10, 0.38		< 0.01
Skin yellowness squared	- < 0.01		- < 0.01, − < 0.01		0.01
Facial symmetry	0.18		−0.01, 0.38		0.06
Facial symmetry squared	- < 0.01		- < 0.01, < 0.01		0.98
Baseline attractiveness	0.59		0.53, 0.66		< 0.01

*Facial images were gained in Belfast, UK, 2011. Ratings of facial attributes were gained in Bournemouth, UK, 2013
Significant relationships (p < 0.05) are emboldened.
¹Primary models - ratings of perceived attractiveness were predicted using FV consumption over the past 4 weeks, when controlling for face ID and baseline ratings of attractiveness. Overall model performance R²=0.46, F(3,72) = 226.52, p < 0.01
²Secondary models - ratings of skin yellowness, skin redness, skin healthiness, skin clarity and facial symmetry were predicted using FV consumption over the past 4 weeks (when controlling for face ID and baseline variables)
³Secondary models - ratings of attractiveness were predicted using ratings of skin yellowness, skin redness, skin healthiness, skin clarity and facial symmetry (when controlling for face ID and baseline variables);
⁴Final models - ratings of perceived attractiveness were predicted using FV consumption over the past 4 weeks, when controlling for face ID, baseline ratings of attractiveness and significant mediators. Overall model performance R²=0.50, F(7,72) = 168.04, p < 0.01

ISSN: 1471-2458