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Table 6 Effect modification by nutritional status

From: Obesity and risk of respiratory tract infections: results of an infection-diary based cohort study

  

More unfavourable nutrition (lower third, N = 379)

More favourable nutrition (upper third, N = 530)

  
  

Prevalence (%)

Prevalence (%)

  

Outcome indicators

Approach

Non-obese (N = 325)

Obese (N = 54)

OR

95% CI

Non-obese (N = 467)

Obese (N = 63)

OR

95% CI

OR unfavourable/OR favourable nutrition

P-value

Monthly level:

 Any RTI

crude

34.8

37.4

1.10

(0.72; 1.68)

35.8

49.3

1.99

(1.34; 2.94)

0.55

0.045

adjusteda

  

1.13

(0.74; 1.74)

  

2.02

(1.36; 2.99)

0.56

0.049

 Any URTI

crude

30.0

32.9

1.13

(0.73; 1.77)

31.0

43.8

2.01

(1.34; 3.01)

0.57

0.064

adjusteda

  

1.22

(0.78; 1.91)

  

2.10

(1.40; 3.14)

0.58

0.075

 Any LRTI

crude

7.5

8.4

1.75

(0.79; 3.85)

8.0

14.5

3.13

(1.58; 6.19)

0.56

0.274

adjusteda

  

1.22

(0.56; 2.67)

  

2.43

(1.24; 4.74)

0.50

0.187

 Sinusitis

crude

5.9

7.7

1.54

(0.64; 3.67)

7.2

14.2

2.40

(1.14; 5.04)

0.64

0.443

adjusteda

  

1.55

(0.64; 3.75)

  

2.33

(1.09; 4.94)

0.67

0.491

 Rhinitis

crude

26.7

28.3

1.04

(0.67; 1.62)

25.5

37.5

1.99

(1.33; 2.97)

0.52

0.034

adjusteda

  

1.17

(0.75; 1.82)

  

2.14

(1.43; 3.19)

0.55

0.044

 Otitis media

crude

1.35

0.60

0.46

(0.06; 3.43)

0.82

1.16

1.73

(0.36; 8.27)

0.27

0.312

adjusteda

  

0.61

(0.08; 4.63)

  

2.17

(0.48; 9.84)

0.28

0.320

 Pharyngitis/Laryngitis

crude

8.6

8.5

1.10

(0.58; 2.09)

10.3

18.3

2.80

(1.65; 4.77)

0.39

0.028

adjusteda

  

1.08

(0.57; 2.06)

  

2.79

(1.63; 4.76)

0.39

0.025

 Tonsillitis

crude

2.25

0.46

0.14

(0.02; 1.04)

1.72

2.09

1.63

(0.47; 5.66)

0.09

0.042

adjusteda

  

0.19

(0.03; 1.40)

  

1.99

(0.57; 6.95)

0.10

0.050

 Influenza-like illness

crude

11.9

13.9

1.22

(0.77; 1.95)

10.4

20.3

2.43

(1.60; 3.70)

0.50

0.032

adjusteda

  

1.23

(0.77; 1.98)

  

2.42

(1.58; 3.71)

0.51

0.035

 Bronchitis

crude

7.5

8.4

1.77

(0.80; 3.94)

7.9

13.8

2.71

(1.34; 5.45)

0.65

0.434

adjusteda

  

1.23

(0.55; 2.70)

  

2.09

(1.05; 4.17)

0.58

0.312

 Pneumonia

crude

0.06

0.00

1.00

(.;.)

0.25

0.99

14.92

(1.10;202.01)

0.07

0.042

adjusteda

  

1.00

(.;.)

  

7.30

(0.89;59.69)

0.14

0.064

 Other acute resp. infections

crude

2.5

1.4

0.73

(0.19; 2.75)

2.1

3.3

1.38

(0.46; 4.13)

0.53

0.464

adjusteda

  

0.64

(0.17; 2.43)

  

1.22

(0.41; 3.61)

0.52

0.456

  ≥ 3 RTIs

crude

8.6

7.9

1.01

(0.51; 2.00)

8.0

17.3

3.72

(2.11; 6.55)

0.27

0.004

adjusteda

  

1.01

(0.51; 2.00)

  

3.53

(2.00; 6.25)

0.29

0.005

 Long RTIs

crude

11.4

14.8

1.77

(0.89; 3.50)

12.0

26.4

3.87

(2.12; 7.05)

0.46

0.091

adjusteda

  

1.50

(0.76; 2.99)

  

3.31

(1.81; 6.05)

0.46

0.088

 Upper 10% in diary score

crude

9.6

9.9

1.26

(0.64; 2.47)

9.3

21.3

3.58

(2.01; 6.36)

0.35

0.021

adjusteda

  

1.14

(0.58; 2.24)

  

3.24

(1.82; 5.78)

0.35

0.020

Seasonal level:

  ≥ 4 months RTIs

crude

18.5

19.8

1.11

(0.41; 3.05)

18.1

38.5

6.31

(2.59;15.41)

0.18

0.012

adjusteda

  

1.10

(0.40; 3.02)

  

5.82

(2.39;14.18)

0.19

0.014

  ≥ 3 long RTIs

crude

8.0

10.7

1.64

(0.63; 4.32)

8.8

24.5

5.52

(2.55;11.95)

0.30

0.052

adjusteda

  

1.38

(0.51; 3.73)

  

4.72

(2.15;10.34)

0.29

0.053

 Upper 10% in diary score

crude

9.5

9.1

0.89

(0.18; 4.36)

8.9

28.7

14.73

(4.41;49.21)

0.06

0.006

adjusteda

  

0.61

(0.12; 3.02)

  

10.65

(3.41;33.28)

0.06

0.004

Individual level:

 Upper 10% in diary score

crude

9.5

9.3

0.97

(0.36; 2.61)

8.3

25.4

3.74

(1.94; 7.19)

0.26

0.026

adjusteda

  

0.77

(0.28; 2.10)

  

3.12

(1.58; 6.15)

0.25

0.022

  1. aadjusted by age (continuous) and educational status (three categories)