Skip to main content

Table 5 Effect modification by sports activity

From: Obesity and risk of respiratory tract infections: results of an infection-diary based cohort study

  

Less active (lower third, N = 485)

High active (upper third, N = 488)

  
  

Prevalence (%)

Prevalence (%)

  

Outcome indicators

Approach

Non-obese (N = 379)

Obese (N = 106)

OR

95% CI

Non-obese (N = 454)

Obese (N = 34)

OR

95% CI

OR less/OR more active

P-value

Monthly level:

 Any RTI

crude

37.9

38.8

0.98

(0.72; 1.35)

33.7

51.6

2.56

(1.54; 4.26)

0.38

0.002

adjusteda

  

1.00

(0.73; 1.37)

  

2.58

(1.56; 4.27)

0.39

0.002

 Any URTI

crude

32.0

33.8

1.03

(0.75; 1.42)

29.2

46.7

2.63

(1.56; 4.43)

0.39

0.003

adjusteda

  

1.08

(0.78; 1.49)

  

2.70

(1.61; 4.52)

0.40

0.003

 Any LRTI

crude

10.3

10.3

1.19

(0.67; 2.13)

6.1

14.6

5.17

(2.14;12.49)

0.23

0.006

 Sinusitis

adjusteda

  

0.94

(0.53; 1.67)

  

4.31

(1.82;10.21)

0.22

0.004

crude

6.9

9.3

1.36

(0.72; 2.58)

6.1

15.1

4.35

(1.70;11.13)

0.31

0.045

adjusteda

  

1.42

(0.75; 2.70)

  

4.16

(1.62;10.69)

0.34

0.063

 Rhinitis

crude

27.1

29.0

1.02

(0.74; 1.41)

24.2

39.3

2.46

(1.47; 4.09)

0.42

0.004

adjusteda

  

1.09

(0.79; 1.50)

  

2.52

(1.52; 4.16)

0.43

0.005

 Otitis media

crude

0.84

0.71

1.03

(0.28; 3.75)

0.84

1.60

1.69

(0.28;10.22)

0.61

0.659

adjusteda

  

0.97

(0.27; 3.45)

  

1.80

(0.32;10.02)

0.54

0.570

 Pharyngitis/Laryngitis

crude

10.1

10.4

1.15

(0.73; 1.81)

10.2

22.8

3.98

(2.03; 7.80)

0.29

0.003

adjusteda

  

1.14

(0.72; 1.80)

  

3.85

(1.96; 7.57)

0.30

0.003

 Tonsillitis

crude

1.9

1.8

1.07

(0.37; 3.13)

2.1

3.9

4.25

(1.24;14.61)

0.25

0.098

adjusteda

  

1.28

(0.45; 3.60)

  

5.33

(1.56;18.15)

0.24

0.079

 Influenza-like illness

crude

12.0

13.6

1.08

(0.77; 1.52)

10.4

22.6

3.45

(2.08; 5.75)

0.31

< 0.001

adjusteda

  

1.08

(0.77; 1.52)

  

3.46

(2.08; 5.75)

0.31

< 0.001

 Bronchitis

crude

10.3

10.0

1.09

(0.60; 1.97)

6.0

14.2

4.78

(1.94;11.78)

0.23

0.007

adjusteda

  

0.86

(0.48; 1.54)

  

3.93

(1.62; 9.51)

0.22

0.005

 Pneumonia

crude

0.18

0.43

5.07

(0.64;40.15)

0.18

0.95

27.64

(1.02;751.94)

0.18

0.372

adjusteda

  

5.02

(0.56;44.91)

  

19.80

(0.95;410.73)

0.25

0.449

 Other acute resp. infections

crude

3.1

1.8

0.48

(0.18; 1.32)

1.9

2.2

1.53

(0.37; 6.41)

0.31

0.196

adjusteda

  

0.44

(0.16; 1.21)

  

1.33

(0.32; 5.46)

0.33

0.214

  ≥ 3 RTIs

crude

9.0

10.6

1.26

(0.78; 2.05)

7.5

19.9

5.57

(2.73;11.34)

0.23

< 0.001

adjusteda

  

1.20

(0.74; 1.94)

  

5.07

(2.50;10.27)

0.24

< 0.001

 Long RTIs

crude

14.9

16.5

1.19

(0.73; 1.93)

10.4

26.4

5.37

(2.53;11.40)

0.22

0.001

adjusteda

  

1.07

(0.66; 1.75)

  

4.91

(2.31;10.43)

0.22

< 0.001

 Upper 10% in diary score

crude

11.1

13.3

1.21

(0.74; 1.96)

8.2

21.9

5.53

(2.65;11.52)

0.22

< 0.001

adjusteda

  

1.13

(0.70; 1.84)

  

5.10

(2.45;10.61)

0.22

< 0.001

Seasonal level:

  ≥ 4 months RTIs

crude

21.1

24.3

1.32

(0.66; 2.64)

14.8

32.8

6.27

(2.07;18.95)

0.21

0.019

adjusteda

  

1.30

(0.65; 2.61)

  

5.86

(1.94;17.69)

0.22

0.023

  ≥ 3 long RTIs

crude

10.2

13.2

1.59

(0.82; 3.12)

7.6

26.0

7.54

(2.88;19.69)

0.21

0.009

adjusteda

  

1.35

(0.69; 2.65)

  

6.59

(2.53;17.16)

0.20

0.007

 Upper 10% in diary score

crude

10.9

14.5

1.63

(0.64; 4.16)

7.1

33.7

39.36

(8.94;173.29)

0.04

< 0.001

adjusteda

  

1.27

(0.50; 3.23)

  

31.05

(7.52;128.22)

0.04

< 0.001

Individual level:

 Upper 10% in diary score

crude

12.1

13.2

1.10

(0.58; 2.09)

6.6

35.3

7.71

(3.48;17.07)

0.14

< 0.001

adjusteda

  

0.94

(0.49; 1.81)

  

7.00

(3.12;15.75)

0.13

< 0.001

  1. aadjusted by age (continuous) and educational status (three categories)