Volunteers in Ethiopia’s women’s development army are more deprived and distressed than their neighbors: cross-sectional survey data from rural Ethiopia

Table 1 Socio-economic and demographic indicators among n = 422 Women’s Development Army leaders and members, rural Amhara, 2015

	1–30 Leaders (n = 73)	1–5 Leaders (n = 142)	1–5 Members (n = 207)	P-values^b
Age in years, mean (range)	36.6 (18–55)	34.2 (18–60)	34.7 (18–65)	0.096
Married, %	61.6	80.3	82.6	0.000
Divorced or separated, %	21.9	7.7	7.7	0.000
Widowed, %	15.1	11.3	8.7	0.180
Any formal schooling, %	23.3	17.6	13	0.112
Schooling in years, mean (range)	1.2 (0–10)	0.9 (0–11)	0.7 (0–10)	0.223
People in household, mean (range)	4.8 (2–9)	5.4 (1–12)	5.0 (1–10)	0.124
Own oxen, %	61.6	78.9	79.2	0.001
Own donkeys, %	15.1	23.9	25.6	0.070
Own mobile phone, %	11	3.5	4.8	0.041^a
Own house, %	95.9	99.3	96.1	0.444^a
Have land to farm, %	84.9	90.1	84.5	0.668
Have electricity in your house, %	6.8	6.3	6.8	1.000^a
Non-farm income-generating activity, %	74.0	65.5	61.8	0.082
Received micro-loans, %	53.4	45.8	38.6	0.063

^aFisher’s exact test
^bAll p-values in this paper are associated with comparisons between 1-30 leaders and the rest of our sample (1–5 leaders and members combined)

ISSN: 1471-2458