Table 5 Impact of demographic and health behaviour variables (independent variables) on caries (dmft > 0 or dmft = 0) (outcome/dependent variable)
From: Obesity and caries in four-to-six year old English children: a cross-sectional study
Variable | N (% of responders) | Odds of caries ratio (category to reference level) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
 Female | 173 (49.9) | Reference level | – |
 Male | 174 (50.1) | 0.94 (0.59, 1.48) | 0.786 |
Parents’/guardians’ educational attainment | |||
 Up to secondary school | 60 (23.7%) | Reference level | – |
 Technical/College | 99 (39.1%) | 1.81 (0.88, 3.84) | 0.114 |
 University | 94 (37.2%) | 0.93 (0.43, 2.06) | 0.862 |
Household total income | |||
 Up to £25.599 | 94 (37.5%) | Reference level | – |
 £26.000 to £36.399 | 45 (17.9%) | 0.32 (0.13, 0.74) | 0.011 |
 £36.400 and above | 86 (34.3%) | 0.37 (0.18, 0.73) | 0.005 |
 Prefer not to answer | 26 (10.4%) | 1.27 (0.52, 3.07) | 0.588 |
Tooth brushing habit | |||
 Once a day or less | 48 (19%) | Reference level | – |
 Twice a day or more | 205 (81%) | 0.84 (0.43, 1.71) | 0.623 |
Age when children started brushing their teeth | |||
 Under 1 year | 155 (61.85) | Reference level | – |
 1–2 years | 79 (31.5%) | 1.19 (0.65, 2.16) | 0.564 |
 2–3 years | 11 (4.4%) | 1.27 (0.26, 5.03) | 0.745 |
 Cannot remember | 6 (2.4%) | 1.27 (0.17, 6.74) | 0.789 |
Adult with child when brushing their teeth | |||
 Yes | 232 (91.7%) | Reference level | – |
 No | 21 (8.3%) | 2.54 (1.00, 6.48) | 0.052 |