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Table 3 Estimated percent change in monthly incidence rate after the smoking ban (95% CI) from Poisson regression in Marion County and Indianapolis, and in strata of risk factors (sex, race, smoking status, Medicaid, and diabetes, congestive heart failure, and hypertension)a, b

From: Effects of smoke-free air law on acute myocardial infarction hospitalization in Indianapolis and Marion County, Indiana

 

Number (%) of admissions

% change in incidence rate (95% CI)

P-value for interaction c

Location

 Marion County

15,104 (100%)

-20% (− 25%, − 14%)

 

 Indianapolis only

14,392 (95.3%)

−25% (− 29%, − 20%)

 

Sex

  

0.53

 Males

8397 (55.6%)

−26% (−32%, − 20%)

 Females

6707 (44.4%)

−20% (− 27%, − 12%)

Raceb

  

0.15

 Black

4047 (26.8%)

−15% (− 25%, − 4%)

 White

9209 (61.0%)

−21% (− 27%, − 15%)

Sex and Raceb

   

 White Females

3905 (25.9%)

− 22% (− 31%, − 12%)

REF

 Black Females

1967 (13.0%)

−2% (− 17%, 17%)

< 0.0001

 White Males

5304 (35.1%)

−19% (−27%, −11%)

< 0.0001

 Black Males

2080 (13.8%)

− 21% (−33%, −7%)

< 0.0001

Smoking

   

 Never

5530 (36.6%)

− 21% (− 29%, −13%)

REF

 Former

7421 (49.1%)

−28% (−34%, − 21%)

0.03

 Current

2153 (14.3%)

− 26% (−38%, − 11%)

< 0.0001

Medicaid beneficiary

  

< 0.0001

 Yes

3902 (25.8%)

− 19% (− 29%, − 9)

 No

11,202 (74.2%)

−26% (− 31%, − 20%)

History of Diabetes

  

0.41

 Yes

6491 (43.0%)

−22% (− 29%, − 14%)

 No

8613 (57.0%)

−25% (− 31%, − 18%)

History of CHF

  

< 0.0001

 Yes

7308 (48.4%)

−23% (− 30%, − 16%)

 No

7796 (51.6%)

−24% (− 31%, − 17%)

History of Hypertension

  

0.03

 Yes

11,933 (79.0%)

− 23% (− 28%, − 17%)

 No

3171 (21.0%)

− 26% (− 36%, − 15%)

Limited to primary AMI

9956 (65.9%)

−16% (− 23%, − 9%)

 
  1. aAdjusted for month (time trend), seasonality (annual sine and cosine terms), monthly mean apparent temperature (at zip-code level), monthly ambient PM2.5 concentrations (at zip-code level), and total monthly hospital discharges. Offset was the log of the total age-specific population of Marion County
  2. bMissing/excluded: race—131 (0.87%) Hispanic or Latino, 12 (0.08%) American Indian/Alaska Native, 27 (0.18%) Asian, 404 (2.67%) Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 29 (0.2%) multiracial, 261 (1.73%) other race, 984 (6.51%) unknown/missing race
  3. cInteraction between smoking ban and these risk factors assessed by adding interaction terms to each model