Table 3 List of reported factors (beliefs, attitudes and reasons) regarding vaccination and vaccine preventable diseases (VPD) among the five identified UVGs. The numbers stand for the number of times a certain factor was mentioned in the articles found for each UVG
Orthodox Protestants (1 study) | Anthroposophists (2 studies) | Roma (5 studies) | Irish Travelers (4 studies) | Orthodox Jewish (2 studies) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived severity/susceptibility of VPD | |||||
Perceived non-severity of VPD: | |||||
- some VPD are not severe (e.g. not severe: measles, mumps, pertussis; severe: tetanus, polio and diphtheria) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
- some VPD are helpful for child’s development (e.g. measles) | 2 | 1 | |||
Perceived non-susceptibility to VPD (e.g. only a small number of children with VPD disease) | 1 | ||||
Perceived safety/effectiveness of vaccine | |||||
Perceived un-safety of the vaccine (adverse events, misconceptions) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
Perceived non-effectiveness of the vaccine (e.g. graphs and reports do not prove effectiveness of the vaccines) | 2 | ||||
Beliefs about vaccine (components of the vaccine could be dangerous e.g. poisons, toxins, contaminants) | 1 | 1 | |||
Flexibility / freedom | |||||
Adapting vaccination schedule to the child (schedule not flexible enough) | 1 | ||||
Combined vaccines should be monovalent (parents like to choose, parents perceive overload of antigens of various diseases in combination vaccine) | 1 | ||||
Knowledge | |||||
Need for more information or lack of information (e.g. risk of vaccination / scientific facts from the Public Health authorities, where and when to vaccinate) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
Low awareness of vaccination as a preventive measure | 1 | ||||
Social networks (parents heard term MMR linked with fears) | 1 | ||||
Ideas about prevention | |||||
Anthroposophic (healthy lifestyle, confidence in the health of the child, freedom of choice in healthcare and natural remedies, let the body experience certain infections) | 2 | ||||
Complementary medicine being unavailable | 1 | ||||
Religious beliefs (trust in God) | 1 | 1 | |||
Social structural aspects | |||||
Socio-economic and cultural differences (e.g. language barriers, improper housing, low level of formal education, illiteracy) | 4 | 3 | |||
Improvement in access and facilities for their children (e.g. limited and inflexible clinic hours) | 1 | ||||
Poor access to health care centres (e.g. high spatial mobility for Roma and Irish Travellers) | 4 | 3 | |||
Exposure to stigmatization, marginalization and discrimination | 3 | 3 | |||
No trust in information from the Public Health authorities | 1 | 1 | |||