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Table 2 Binary logit regression estimates for indoor smoking behaviours by gender and employment status

From: Education and indoor smoking among parents who smoke: the mediating role of perceived social norms of smoking

 

Fathers who smoked (n = 822)

Mothers who smoked (n = 823)

Working fathers who smoked (n = 805)

Working mothers who smoked (n = 385)

Smoked indoors

 

Smoked indoors

 

Smoked indoors

 

Smoked indoors

 

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Mean (%)

Coef.

p-value

Mean (%)

Coef.

p-value

Mean (%)

Coef.

p-value

Mean (%)

Coef.

p-value

Socio-economic status

 Education year

14.2

14.7

−0.11

0.003*

12.5

13.2

−0.15

< 0.001*

14.2

14.7

− 0.11

0.001*

12.8

13.7

−0.20

< 0.001*

 Employment status

  Unemployed

2.7

1.7

− 0.43

0.336

55.6

49.0

−0.27

0.068

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

  Employed

97.3

98.3

44.4

51.0

Possible mediating variables

 Descriptive social norms

4.2

3.6

0.19

< 0.001*

4.4

3.5

0.21

< 0.001*

4.3

3.6

0.20

< 0.001*

4.2

3.3

0.22

< 0.001*

 Subjective social norms

3.4

3.1

0.60

< 0.001*

3.4

3.0

0.58

< 0.001*

3.4

3.1

0.64

< 0.001*

3.3

3.0

0.45

0.001*

 Household members smoke indoors

  No or not living with an adult

69.5

83.7

0.49

< 0.001*

32.1

39.5

0.21

0.035*

69.3

83.6

0.49

< 0.001*

31.6

42.4

0.35

0.020*

  One member smokes

22.0

10.8

46.3

42.6

22.0

10.8

47.0

43.1

  More than two members smoke

8.5

5.5

21.6

17.9

8.7

5.6

21.4

14.6

 Worksite smoking bans

  No smoking bans or no worksite

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

21.3

14.9

−0.44

0.022*

24.8

20.5

−0.24

0.334

  Partial or complete smoking bans

78.8

85.1

75.2

79.5

Socio-demographic status

 Age (years)

39.6

38.5

0.02

0.032*

31.2

32.0

−0.02

0.063

39.6

38.5

0.02

0.039*

31.5

33.2

−0.05

0.008*

 Age of the youngest child (years)

3.5

2.8

0.18

< 0.001*

2.5

2.4

0.01

0.761

3.6

2.8

0.18

< 0.001*

2.8

3.1

−0.09

0.103*

 Marital status

  Unmarried

3.4

1.1

−1.11

0.033*

7.2

5.1

−0.38

0.232*

3.1

1.0

−1.20

0.033*

12.4

7.3

−0.59

0.113*

  Married

96.6

98.9

92.8

94.9

96.9

99.0

87.6

92.7

  1. Abbreviations: N/A not applicable
  2. *p < 0.05