Impact of tobacco control policies on adolescent smokeless tobacco and cigar use: a difference-in-differences approach

Table 3 Marginal effects from sex-stratified fixed-effects probit regression models of the impact of state tobacco control policies on smokeless tobacco and cigar use (N = 499,381)

	Smokeless tobacco			Cigars
	Mean %^a Use	Marginal effect of coefficient^b,c 95% CI	p Value	Mean %^a Use	Marginal effect of coefficient^b,d 95% CI	p Value
Males (N = 240,733)	12.3%			16.8%
Tobacco tax (%)		0.0001 (−0.0001-0.0002)	.5		0.0001 (−0.0002-0.0004)	.4
Cigarette tax (%)		0.0010 (0.0003-0.0017)	.008		0.0015 (0.0006-0.0024)	.001
100% smoke-free restaurants (yes/no)		0.0105 (0.0015-0.0194)	.02		−0.0062 (− 0.0154-0.0030)	.2
Females (N = 258,648)	2.0%			7.7%
Tobacco tax (%)		−0.0000 (− 0.0001-0.0000)	.3		0.0002 (− 0.0001-0.0004)	.1
Cigarette tax (%)		0.0003 (−0.0000-0.0006)	.09		0.0007 (0.0001-0.0013)	.02
100% smoke-free restaurants (yes/no)		0.0002 (−0.0042-0.0046)	0.9		−0.0002 (− 0.0070-0.0065)	.9

CI confidence interval
^a Weighted
^b Model includes adjustment for the following covariates: cigarette use, state tobacco control expenditure, age, race, state, and year
^c Model includes adjustment for cigar use
^d Model includes adjustment for smokeless tobacco use

ISSN: 1471-2458