Table 2 Personal hygienic practice toward ALA among patients compared with E. histolytica antibody negative (disease free) individuals
From: Epidemiology and factors associated with amoebic liver abscess in northern Sri Lanka
Variable | Categories | Patients (Cases) | E. histolytica serum antibody negative Individuals (controls) | Statistics | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 346 | % with CI | N = 100 | % with CI | |||
Latrine facilities | No facility/open air defecation | 3 | 0.9 (0.2–2.3) | 0 | 0 | Pearson’s chi-square with Yates’s correction = 0.927 P = 0.336 |
Using pits | 21 | 6.1 (3.9–9.0) | 3 | 3 (0.8–7.9) | ||
Water seal latrine | 322 | 93.1 (90.0–95.4) | 97 | 97 (92.1–99.2) | ||
Distance between latrine and drinking water source | roughly 50 ft | 306 | 88.4 (84.7–91.5) | 86 | 86 (78.1–91.8) | Pearson’s chi-square with Yates’s correction = 0.235 P = 0.628 |
> 50 ft | 40 | 11.6 (8.5–15.7) | 14 | 14 (8.2–21.9) | ||
Drinking habit | Fresh water | 346 | 100 (99.1–100) | 100 | 100 (99.1–100) | |
Eating habit | Rarely eat outside the house (cafeteria) | 78 | 22.5 (18.4–27.2) | 33 | 33 (24.3–42.6) | Pearson’s chi-square with Yates’s correction = 3.995 P = 0.046 |
Sometimes eat in cafeteria | 268 | 77.5 (72.8–81.6) | 67 | 67 (57.4–75.7) | ||
Hand washing before eat | sometimes wash with soap and water before eating | 199 | 57.5 (52.3–62.7) | 58 | 58 (48.2–67.4) | Pearson’s chi-square with Yates’s correction = 0.000 P = 1.000 |
Rarely/Not washing hand with soap and water before eating | 147 | 42.5 (37.3–47.7) | 42 | 42 (32.6–51.8) | ||
Hand washing after defecation | sometimes wash with soap and water | 340 | 98.3 (96.4–99.3) | 98 | 98 (93.5–99.7) | Pearson’s chi-square with Yates’s correction = 0.000 P = 1.000 |
rarely/Not washing with soap water | 6 | 1.7 (0.7–3.6) | 2 | 2 (0.3–6.5) | ||
Nails cutting habit | Regularly cutting nails | 1 | 0.3 (0.000–1.4) | 0 | 0 | T-test (trend test based on contrasts) [Barlow et al.]: chi-sq. = 0.267 [DF = 1] 2-sided P = 0.605 for trend in a given direction: P = 0.303 |
sometimes cutting nails | 238 | 68.8 (63.8–73.5) | 68 | 68 (58.4–76.6) | ||
cutting nails after a long time | 107 | 30.9 (26.2–35.9) | 32 | 34 (23.4–41.6) | ||