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Table 2 Existing metrics

From: The Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium – a protocol for building a national environmental exposure data platform for integrated analyses of urban form and health

Existing Metrics

Geographic Extent

Spatial Resolution

Time Periods

Description

Ref.

Air Pollution

 Surface concentrations of PM2.5

National

1 km

1998 to present

Satellite-derived annual mean concentration

[27

 Ambient concentrations of NO2

National

<100 m

1984–2012

National land use regression model of annual mean concentration, based on 2011 data and adjusted for historical estimates

[28]

 Ambient concentrations of NO2

National

<100 m

1984–2006

National model of annual mean concentration based on 10 city-specific land use regression models (field monitoring between 2002 and 2010) and adjusted using observational data for each year

[29]

 Ambient concentrations of O3

National

10 km - 21 km

2003 - present

Air quality forecast-based estimate, adjusted with surface observation data - annual and monthly average concentration

[30]

 Ambient concentrations of SO2

National

30 km

2005–2015

Air quality model-based estimate of 3-year running annual average concentration

[32]

Noise Pollution

 A-weighted sound pressure level and related summary metrics

Regional (Montreal)

10 m

~ 2014

Land use regression-based model based on field monitoring conducted 2010–2014

[33]

 A-weighted sound pressure level and related summary metrics

Regional (Toronto)

10 m

~ 2013

Land use regression-based model based on field monitoring conducted 2012–2013

[34]

 A-weighted sound pressure level and related summary metrics

Regional (Vancouver)

10 m

2003

Sound propagation model (CadnaA)

[36]

Greenness

 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

National +

30 m

1985 to present

Satellite-derived (Landsat)

[37, 38]

 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

National +

250 m

2000 to present

Satellite-derived (MODIS)

[39]

 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

National +

1 km

1979 to present

Satellite-derived (AVHRR)

[40, 41]

 Green View Index

National

Postal code-specific

2017 only

Google Street View-derived

not published (or use MIT)

Climate and Weather

 Temperature metrics (daily, monthly, annual averages, ranges, event frequencies) and derived water balance metrics (potential and actual evapotranspiration)

National

10 km

1950–2010

Interpolated continuous surfaces based on observation station data

[42]

 Temperature metrics (max, min, mean, heat deg. days, cool deg. days), total precipitation, snow on ground

National

N/A

1950- to present

National Climate Data and Information Archive - observation station data

[43]

Neighbourhood Factors

 Walkability

National

Postal code-specific

circa 2015

GIS-derived walkability (based on land use mix, street connectivity and population density)

[47]

 Walkability

Regional

Postal code-specific

various specific years

GIS-derived walkability (land-use mix, residential density, and street connectivity)

[48]

 Canadian Marginalization Deprivation Index

National

Census dissemination area

Census years 1991–2011

Derived from census variables

[49

 Pampalon Deprivation Index

National

Census dissemination area

Census years 1991–2011

Derived from census variables

[50]

 Nighttime light

National +

1 km

1992 to present

Satellite-derived from the US Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) - annual average

[51]