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Table 7 Multivariate analysis: Risk indicators associated with oral diseases or being obese

From: Common risk indicators for oral diseases and obesity in 12-year-olds: a South Pacific cross sectional study

Groups of the Clinical Oral and General Health Index (COGHI)

Oral disease

Obesity

Oral disease & Obesity

Sex: girl vs boy

0.81 (0.55–1.21)

0.80 (0.52–1.22)

0.82 (0.52–1.29)

Geographical area:

 North vs South

 Islands vs South

3.27 (1.98–5.40)***

2.20 (1.09–4.43)*

0.78 (0.41–1.47)

0.61 (0.24–1.54)

1.87 (1.04–3.38)*

1.39 (0.59–3.28)

Cultural ethnic group

 Melanesian vs others

1.23 (0.59–2.59)

1.91 (0.89–4.09) p = 0.09

5.19 (1.15–23.50) *

 Caledonian vs others

1.58 (0.79–3.17)

1.63 (0.78–3.39)

9.20 (2.11–40.08) **

 Polynesian vs others

1.90 (0.84–4.30)

2.48 (1.11–5.55) *

16.81 (3.71–76.20)***

Type of school

0.79 (0.50–1.27)

0.79 (0.46–1.35)

0.99 (0.59–1.68)

Private vs Public

Toothbrushing frequency

1.89 (1.26–2.83)**

1.09 (0.70–1.69)

1.75 (1.10–2.78)*

<1/day vs ≥1/day

Smoking habits

 Already smoked vs Never

1.41 (0.76–2.63)

0.95 (0.45–2.01)

1.72 (0.88–3.37)

Use of sweet drinks

 Yes vs No

1.11 (0.66–1.87)

0.77 (0.49–1.21)

1.10 (0.70–1.74)

Dental attendance

1.07 (0 .63–1.83)

0.75 (0.43–1.32)

1.59 (0.83–3.04)

Already visited a dentist vs never

Prevention at school

0.85 (0.56–1.27)

0.96 (0.62–1.50)

1.20 (0.74–1.94)

No vs Already experienced

Propensity score for FU < 6

2.14 (0.70–6.44)

8.49 (2.11–34.15)**

7.01 (1.49–33.00)*

Dental anxiety

Anxiety vs No anxiety (≤3)

1.05 (0.69–1.59)

0.82 (0.51–1.29)

1.24 (0.78–1.99)

Lunch at school

0.95 (0.50–1.83)

0.93 (0.39–2.26)

0.61 (0.26–1.43)

No vs Yes

  1. Mixed-effects multinomial ordinal logistic regression models
  2. The groups Oral disease, Obesity, Oral disease & Obesity are compared with the Healthy group
  3. The school and investigator effects are taken into account for each comparison
  4. ***P < 10–4, **P < 0.01, *P ≤ 0.05