Skip to main content

Table 7 Adjusted and unadjusted prevalence-ratios of 3 or more cluster of NCD risk factors and the socio-demographic characteristics, Bhutan 2014

From: Alarming prevalence and clustering of modifiable noncommunicable disease risk factors among adults in Bhutan: a nationwide cross-sectional community survey

Socio-demographic Characteristics

3 or more risk factor

PR (95%CI)

aPR (95%CI)

Agegroup

 18–39

1

1

 40–65

1.44 (1.43, 1.45)**

1.46 (1.35, 1.58)**

Gender

 Male

1

1

 Female

0.93 (0.92, 0.94)**

0.98 (0.90, 1.06)

Education Level

 None

1

1

 Primary

1.03 (1.02, 1.04)**

1.06 (0.97, 1.16)

 Secondary and above

0.91 (0.90, 0.92)**

0.94 (0.82, 1.07)

Employment

 Salaried (Non/Govt. employee)

1

1

 Self employed

0.90 (0.89, 0.91)**

0.98 (0.89, 1.09)

 Unpaid

0.77 (0.76, 0.78)**

0.87 (0.77, 0.97)*

Area of Residence

 Rural

1

1

 Urban

1.19 (1.18, 1.20)**

1.21 (1.10, 1.32)**

Income Level (in USD)a

 Poorest (<=1147)

1

1

 Middle (1148–2823)

1.14 (1.13, 1.15)**

1.12 (1.02, 1.23)*

 Richest (> = 2824)

1.13 (1.12, 1.14)**

1.14 (1.01, 1.28)*

  1. PR prevalence ratio, aPR adjusted prevalence ratio
  2. *Statistically significant at <0.05, ** statistically significant with <0.001
  3. atertiles of annual income reported by the household; exchange rate @Nu. 68 per 1 USD