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Table 3 Prevalencea of modifiable behavioral non-communicable disease risk factors stratified by socio-demographic characteristics in Bhutan, 2014

From: Alarming prevalence and clustering of modifiable noncommunicable disease risk factors among adults in Bhutan: a nationwide cross-sectional community survey

Socio-demographic characteristics

High alcohol consumption

High salt intake

Unhealthy diet

Low physical activity

m/n(%)

m/n(%)

m/n(%)

m/n(%)

National

189/2756 (7)

2592/2618 (99)

1901/2817 (67)

207/2742(6)

Age group (years)

 18–39

71/1444 (6)

1318/1329 (99)

988/1469 (67)

116/1437 (6)

 40–65

118/1312 (9)

1274/1289 (99)

913/1348 (67)

91/1305 (7)

Gender

 Male

98/1046 (8)

1015/1018 (99)

702/1071 (65)

54/1033 (4)

 Female

91/1710 (5)

1577/1600 (99)

1199/1746 (70)

153/1709 (10)

Education Level

 None

145/1716 (8)

1633/1655 (99)

1195/1763 (68)

105/1709 (5)

 Primary

33/623 (6)

583/586 (99)

431/632 (67)

44/620 (5)

 Secondary and above

10/416 (5)

375/376 (100)

274/421 (65)

58/412 (13)

Employment

 Salaried (Non/Govt. employee)

27/489 (7)

453/456 (99)

346/496 (66)

44/486 (7)

 Self employed

135/1508 (8)

1450/1467 (99)

956/1557 (63)

83/1497 (4)

 Unpaid

27/759 (4)

689/695 (99)

599/764 (77)

80/759 (10)

Area of Residence

 Rural

164/1894 (8)

1801/1820 (99)

1342/1949 (67)

79/1886 (3)

 Urban

25/862 (5)

791/798 (99)

559/868 (68)

128/856 (13)

Income Level (in USD)b

 Poorest (<=1147)

133/1517 (8)

1436/1454 (99)

1050/1560 (68)

72/1511 (4)

 Middle (1148–2823)

38/747 (6)

694/700 (99)

522/757 (64)

70/743 (8)

 Richest (> = 2824)

13/415 (4)

381/383 (99)

265/419 (66)

60/411 (13)

  1. *Tobacco user: Refer study (Current tobacco use and its associated factors among adults in a country with comprehensive ban on tobacco: findings from the nationally representative STEPS survey, Bhutan, 2014
  2. aPrevalence rates are weighted
  3. bTertiles of annual income earned by the household; exchange rate @Nu. 68 per 1 USD